Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Volume 5, issue 4

Authors: Nandi, Madhumita | Mondal, Rakesh | Chakravorti, Swati | Sarkar, Uday N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We describe an 8-year-old male who presented with persistent lung abscess. The boy was subsequently found to be having congenital broncho-esophageal fistula. This condition has been reported rarely worldwide in children. It is probably the first case of congenital broncho-esophageal fistula presenting as persistent lung abscess from India.

Keywords: Broncho-esophageal fistula, recurrent lung abscess

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0275

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 385-387, 2010

Authors: Gupta, Soham | Patil, Santosh | Muralidharan, Sethumadhavan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is known to cause meningitis in premature neonates and severe infections in immunocompromised adults. It may cause a therapeutic dilemma as it often shows discrepancies between various methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Here, we present a case of multi drug resistant E. meningoseptica meningitis and sepsis in a premature baby, which caused a therapeutic challenge. The strain was susceptible to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole by disk diffusion method. On the …other hand the minimum inhibitory concentration values for these antibiotics were much higher to be interpreted as resistant by VITEK 2C (bioMérieux). This case showed significant clinical improvement with combination therapy of piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin, and the same drugs were continued. Relying on the clinical outcome in this case, we observe that VITEK 2C may be less accurate than disk diffusion method for detection of antimicrobial resistance in this organism. Show more

Keywords: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, meningitis, sepsis, premature neonate, disk diffusion, VITEK 2C

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0276

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 389-391, 2010

Authors: Crispim, João Núncio | Dâmaso, Catarina | Marques, José Gonçalo | Miguéns, José | Valente, Paula

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We present a case of a 6-month-old boy admitted with hydranencephaly, cranial hypertension, prolonged fever and malnutrition. Cerebrospinal fluid culture identified Burkholderia cepacia meningitis, which was controlled with ceftazidime plus amikacin after a protracted course. This is the only case of B. cepacia meningitis reported in the medical literature the last 20 years. Previous cases were successfully treated with co-trimoxazole or the third generation cephalosporins.

Keywords: urkholderia cepacia, meningitis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0272

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 393-396, 2010

Authors: van den Akker, Machiel | Greenberg, David | Harush, Miriam Ben | Fruchtman, Yariv | Kapelushnik, Joseph

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In immunocompromised patients, Cryptosporidium disease can present as a severe, prolonged and potentially life-threatening diarrhea. We present three case reports of children with cancer and a cryptosporidiosis infection who were treated successfully with nitazoxanide either alone or in combination with azithromycin. These case reports show that the clinician should be alert in diagnosing Cryptosporidium infection in oncology children with severe or prolonged diarrhea, a possible life threatening condition, and the combined treatment …of nitazoxanide and azithromycin can be a possible strategy to resolve the infection and eradicate Cryptosporidium. Additional studies should be performed to confirm this observation. Show more

Keywords: Cryptosporidium, cryptosporidosis, pediatric oncology patients, nitazoxanide, azithromycin

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0271

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 397-400, 2010

Authors: Rigelman-Hedberg, Natalie E. | Bjur, Kara A. | Banerjee, Ritu | Fischer, Philip R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for a wide range of pathology, including toxic shock syndrome (TSS). We report a rare case of TSS in an otherwise healthy 16-year-old female with recent history of cellulitis at the site of umbilical piercing. The described case is an important reminder for physicians to consider TSS in the differential diagnosis of septic-appearing patients, including those with history of cutaneous infections near body piercing sites.

Keywords: Toxic shock syndrome, taphylococcus aureus, umbilicus, piercing

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0277

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 401-403, 2010

Authors: Koh, Carline | Yau, Eric Kin Cheong | Chung, Fong Nai | Wo, Hui Yim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Kawasaki disease (KD), a condition primarily affecting infants and young children, is commonly encountered by physicians nowadays. However, large retropharyngeal swelling in the presence of KD is rarely reported in literature. In this report, we present a 9-month-old female with KD mimicking retropharyngeal abscess, with review of seven previously published case reports.

Keywords: Kawasaki disease, retropharyngeal abscess, retropharyngeal infection

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0279

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 405-409, 2010

Authors: Morrison, Ryann E. | Naktin, Jaan P. | Neas, Denise

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rhodococcus equi is an emerging pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Increased incidence has been described in the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome population, patients immunocompromised due to organ transplantation and in those receiving chemotherapy. Features associated with this case included a sustained bacteremia and delay in recognition of the clinical syndrome due to the intermittent positivity of the blood cultures and initial mis-identification of the organism as a "coryneform" contaminant. The patient …was successfully treated with an oral antibiotic regimen after removal of the central catheter. Show more

Keywords: Rhodococcus equi, catheter-associated bacteremia, oral antibiotics

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0274

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 411-414, 2010

Authors: Bhat, Deepak

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare central nervous system manifestation of dengue hemorrhagic fever. We report a 14-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, vomiting and headache for last 6 days and altered sensorium for last 1 day. On general physical examination, he had multiple petechial spots over the trunk. In central nervous system examination child was having neck stiffness, intermittent decerebrate posturing, brisk deep tendon reflexes, hypertonia in …all the limbs, bilateral plantars extensors and sluggishly reacting small pupils. His initial investigations revealed hemoglobin of 12 g/dL, total white cell count 7.500 cells/mm^{3} , platelet count 70,000 cells /mm^{3} , urea 59 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, calcium 9.1 mg/dL, sodium 140 mEq/L, potassium 4.6 mEq/L and a positive dengue IgM (39.4 panbio units, normal < 11 panbio units) by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (PAN BIO KIT, Australia). In view of fever, petechial spots, shock, low platelet counts and a positive dengue serology, a diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever was kept. Magnetic resonance imaging report showed symmetrical hyperintensities on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images involving bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles, brain stem, bilateral thalami, hypothalamus and periventricular deep and subcortical white matter, suggesting ADEM. Previously only two cases of ADEM in dengue fever have been reported. Show more

Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, child, central nervous system, complication, ADEM

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0280

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 415-417, 2010