Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems - Volume 40, issue 4

Authors: Lee, Chien-Cheng | Gao, Zhongjian | Huang, Xiu-Chi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a Wi-Fi-based indoor human detection system using a deep convolutional neural network. The system detects different human states in various situations, including different environments and propagation paths. The main improvements proposed by the system is that there is no cameras overhead and no sensors are mounted. This system captures useful amplitude information from the channel state information and converts this information into an image-like two-dimensional matrix. Next, the two-dimensional matrix is used as an input to a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish human states. In this work, a deep residual network (ResNet) architecture is used …to perform human state classification with hierarchical topological feature extraction. Several combinations of datasets for different environments and propagation paths are used in this study. ResNet’s powerful inference simplifies feature extraction and improves the accuracy of human state classification. The experimental results show that the fine-tuned ResNet-18 model has good performance in indoor human detection, including people not present, people still, and people moving. Compared with traditional machine learning using handcrafted features, this method is simple and effective. Show more

Keywords: Human movement detection, Wi-Fi, CNN, ResNet, channel state information

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189629

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8063-8072, 2021

Authors: Chou, Hsi-Chiang | Han, Kai-Yu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study developed a smart cane with remote electrocardiogram (ECG) and fall detection. The cane comprises a self-developed ECG detection circuit, fall detection module composed of a three-axis gyroscope and three-axis accelerator, and two wireless transmission modules. The data reception end features a human–machine interface with self-developed ECG analysis and fall detection programs, providing reference data for identifying an abnormal situation. The hardware of the proposed system is divided into two parts. First, ECG detection is achieved using a copper column-shaped detector in place of conventional ECG electrodes. The self-developed sensor circuit amplifies the collected signals and filters unwanted noise …to generate complete ECG signals. An Arduino MEGA microcontroller board and the two wireless transmission modules then transmit the signals to the human–machine interface. Second, fall detection is achieved using the aforementioned fall detection module to collect numerical data, which are then transmitted to the human–machine interface through the Arduino MEGA and wireless transmission modules. The proposed system can be applied to real-time monitoring and provide reference data for health care professionals and nursing personnel. Show more

Keywords: Electrocardiogram, fall detection, wireless transmission, human–machine interface

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189630

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8073-8086, 2021

Article Type: Other

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8087-8087, 2021

Authors: Sanjuán Martínez, Oscar | Fenza, Giuseppe | Gonzalez Crespo, Ruben

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189631

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8089-8090, 2021

Authors: Chen, Zhongshan | Zhang, Shengwei | Zhang, Juxiao | Hu, Zuojin | Han, Xue | Xu, Mengyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the enhancement and method of computer system that handles tasks which requires human like intelligence such as recognition, language translation and visual interpretation. Subjective image quality assessment (IQA) is difficult to be implemented in real-time systems, methodology for enhancing the involvement in producing IQA model is to improve the quality of image by significant evaluation. Intuitively, human eyes are not sensitive to the distortion and damage from the area with lesser visual saliency (VS), VS is closely related to IQA. With this consideration, an effective IQA was proposed, which involved two processes. The local quality map …of a distorted image was computed using the structural similarity function of its feature attributes, such as brightness, chrominance and gradient. Second, the local quality map was weighted with visual saliency (VS) to get the objective evaluation of image quality. The VS was modeled by extracting the saliency of low-level features of the image, wiping off the molestation information from these saliency based on an apriori threshold, and combining the effective information to construct the saliency map. Image processing using fuzzy is gathering features and segments as fuzzy set while processing images. The experiments on the two largest database for six classical IQA metrics demonstrate that performance of weighted-VS IQA metrics is superior to the performance of no weighted-VS IQA metrics, and the proposed IQA method has higher computational accuracy than the other IQA metrics under a moderate computational complexity, especially for two types of distortion images, such as local block-wise (Block) and fast-fading (FTF). Show more

Keywords: Image quality assessment (IQA), brightness distortion, chrome distortion, gradient distortion, visual saliency (VS), structural similarity, artificial intelligence (AI), fuzzy set

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189632

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8091-8100, 2021

Authors: Zhou, Wei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Decentralized application (DAPP), replacing traditional business logic and data access layer with block chain, is a new form of Internet service. Testing DAPP requires large-scale distributed systems. Performing experiments in a real system is costly and difficult. This article carefully analyses the process of block generation and synchronization and explains the reasons for the low efficiency of block chain system simulation. We incorporate fuzzy rule based model for enhancing the logging system in blockchain. Rules based on fuzzy are utilized inside system of fuzzy logic to obtain outcome on basis of input variables. The data of Ethereum and Bitcoin proves …that the block generation interval conforms to the exponential distribution, and the real PoW calculation can be replaced with random numbers. Both block verification and network propagation processes have latency, which can be simulated with asynchronous messaging. Based on the above analysis, this article proposes a high-performance simulation method based on event-driven model, which is suitable for describing the communication and synchronization behave our of block chain networks. The method can effectively describe the block generation, the synchronization process between nodes, and supports different equity proof forms. Using this method, the performance of the PoW systemis tested. Under the ecs.c6.xlargeinstance,the simulation running speed reaches 782 times of actual system. Further experiments show that this method can be efficiently used in larger-scale networks and is an effective tool for DAPP developing and testing. Show more

Keywords: Decentralized applications, blockchain, complex network, distributed system, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, fuzzy rule

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189633

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8101-8107, 2021

Authors: Ma, Yanran | Cai, Jianfeng | Wang, Yiqi | Farooq Sahibzada, Umar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Based on information asymmetry, agency theory and resource-based view (RBV), this study investigates the impact of venture capital (VC) on venture firm innovation performance, ascertains the extent to which VC affects venture firm innovation performance and finds the mediating effect of management incentives. Constructing a sample of a novel panel dataset of firms listed on the SME Board of China, we examined a sample of 927 start-ups between 2008 and 2017, showing a notable negative relationship between VC and Patent, and a positive relationship between VC and total factor productivity (TFP), providing stable evidence that VC could not spur firm …patent directly, but facilitate the commercialization of innovation. Moreover, it shows that management equity incentives (MEI) and management cash incentives (MCI) playing significant positive mediating role between VC and TFP, while there is no mediating effect between VC and Patent. Findings of this study strengthen the experience of VC and suggest how practitioners of SMEs to enhance the commercialization of innovation, considerably extends our understanding of the impact of VC on venture firm innovation performance. Show more

Keywords: Venture capital (VC), management incentives (MI) , innovation, patent, total factor productivity (TFP)

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189634

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8109-8115, 2021

Authors: Wang, Qian | Wang, Jianxu | Li, Hua | Li, Xiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Equipment manufacturing industry is the core industry of national economy. The development of artificial intelligence technology provides new development opportunities for the transformation and upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry, but in this process, China’s equipment manufacturing enterprises are faced with serious financing constraints and financing efficiency needs to be improved. Based on the panel data of Listed Companies in equipment manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2018, the article constructs a panel data regression model by using stochastic frontier analysis to measure the financing efficiency of equipment manufacturing industry and study its influencing factors. The results show that the average financing …efficiency of China’s equipment manufacturing enterprises is in the medium level, while the traditional equipment manufacturing industry is lower; external financing has a positive impact on the financing efficiency of enterprises, and labor input has a negative impact; in the analysis of influencing factors, the Capital structure, R&D investment, Accounts receivable turnover rate, Fixed assets turnover rate have a great impact on the financing efficiency. The research results have a certain reference significance for equipment manufacturing enterprises to improve financing efficiency. Show more

Keywords: Equipment manufacturing, financing efficiency, stochastic frontier analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189635

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8117-8126, 2021

Authors: Bin, Guo | Liang, Ge

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is an important measure for transferring government functions and promoting socialist market economy in China. After four years of high-speed development and standardized development in recent years, PPP model has achieved good effect in our country. However, multiple problems emerged. In China, the “public” party of the model has always been dominated by state-owned enterprises. Although private enterprises have the willingness to participate, the actual participation degree and volume are not high which is not good for the sustainable development of the PPP model. This paper applied grounded theory to carry out in-depth interviews with the …representatives from government, private enterprise, and SPV company in some key PPP projects with private participation, propose four coral categories to construct the whole process of private enterprises’ participation and summarize the behavioral features, and explore private enterprises’ realization of their participation willingness into actual participation behavior and the generation of their continuous participation willingness so as to clear the private enterprises’ participation path in PPP projects. Show more

Keywords: PPP model, grounded theory, Artificial Intelligence (AI), private enterprises, participation behavior

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189636

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8127-8137, 2021

Authors: Chen, Peng | Nie, Yingzhi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Based on the company cases published in China over the past ten years, both theoretical methods and Artificial intelligence technologies were applied to analysis cases data on the effectiveness of clauses restricting equity transfer in articles of association of limited liability companies (LLCs). With its unique characters based on shareholders and strong vitality, limited liability company (LLC), as the “evergreen tree” among the market players, is a company form adopted by many investors. Nevertheless, due to its prominent closed characteristics, equity transfer has become a bottleneck for the development of LLCs. According to this paper, it is necessary to distinguish …between the effectiveness of clauses restricting internal and external equity transfer in articles of association of LLCs. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is utilized for which involves process of analytic hierarchy modelled with utilizing theory of fuzzy logic. Moreover, instead of being confined to the existing legal norms, the judgment standard of clauses restricting equity transfer in articles of association of LLCs should be comprehensively measured by the golden rules, i.e. “fairness”, “autonomy” and “operability”. Show more

Keywords: Characters based on shareholders, nature of articles of association, effectiveness of clauses, judgment standard, fuzzy logic, fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP)

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189637

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 8139-8150, 2021