Journal of Environmental Sciences - Volume 15, issue 4

Authors: Lu, Hong-fang | Lan, Sheng-fang | Li, Lei | Peng, Shao-lin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The emergy indices for the evaluation of system' s sustainable development ability were studied. Results indicated that the emergy indices are simplified and merged, and a new emergy index for sustainable development (EISD) is deduced. Employing EISD, two cases are conducted. The first one is to compare three different dike-pond agro-ecological engineering modes, which are: melon-melon-cabbage-four domestic fishes (mode I), melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes (mode II) and melon-melon-cabbage-pig-four domestic fishes combined with Siniperca chuatsi B. ( mode III). The result is that the EISD of mode I is 0.53. Mode II's EISD is 5.26 times of mode I, and mode III's …EISD is 6.83 times of mode I. The second one is to evaluate the development of Zhongshan City, Pearl Delta, during 1996 to 2000. The result indicated that the EISD of Zhongshan had appreciably declined from 1996 to 1998, and quickly improved from 1998 to 2000, partly because of its environment protection and product construction. Both of the two cases studies showed that EISD can assessment the sustainable development ability more roundly, with the consideration of environmental impact and social-economic effect at the same time. Show more

Keywords: indices, emergy, sustainable development

Citation: Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 562-569, 2003

Authors: Sroor, A. | El-Dine, N. Walley | El-Shershaby, A. | Abdel-Haleem, A.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Major and trace element in seven different kinds of milk powder were studied. The concentration of 24 elements were determined by ICP-OES method, from these elements 9 elements determined by INAA. The determination of trace element contents of foodstuffs, especially milk as daily drink for all peoples age which being a complex food has great importance. The elemental analysis of milk is important both as an indicator of environmental contamination and because milk is a significant pathway for toxic metal intake and a source of essential nutrients for humans. The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S. …While trace element are B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn. ICP-OES technique is shown to be a powerful tool for trace determinations in powder samples. This is shown by its use for analysis of a series of the milk powders mentioned and comparative results of other direct technique such as instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analysis of both standard reference material A-11 milk powder and NBS Orchard leaves for quality accurance had been completed, and used for a relative method calculate. The importance of the major and trace elements to human health was discussed. Show more

Keywords: milk powder, ICP-OES, INAA

Citation: Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 570-576, 2003