Cancer Biomarkers - Volume 28, issue 3

Authors: Douvdevani, Amos | Bernstein-Molho, Rinat | Asraf, Keren | Doolman, Ram | Laitman, Yael | Friedman, Eitan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Female carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations are at a substantially increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. The lack of effective early detection schemes for ovarian cancer, mandate surgical removal of adnexa at age 35–40 years in these high-risk women. The role of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels as a marker for early detection in high-risk women has rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: To quantify cfDNA levels in BRCA1 BRCA2 carriers. METHODS: Serum cfDNA levels, measured by direct fluorometric assay in cancer-free female BRCA1 BRCA2 mutation …carriers were compared with cancer-free controls recruited from among women undergoing breast biopsy or routine colonoscopy. RESULTS: Overall, 10 BRCA1 (185delAG) and 10 BRCA2 (6174delT) mutation carriers, 20 breast biopsy controls, and 20 colonoscopy controls participated. cfDNA levels [Median (95% CI)], were 472 (317–589) ng/ml and 525 (339–621) ng/ml in breast biopsy and colonoscopy controls, respectively. Median levels of cfDNA in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers combined were 921 (835–1087) ng/ml, significantly higher than in both controls (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: cfDNA levels are significantly higher in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with non-carriers. This finding, if validated, may facilitate development of early detection breast/ovarian cancer biomarker in high-risk women. Show more

Keywords: BRCA1BRCA2 mutations, cfDNA levels, cancer risk, early detection

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-190718

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 269-273, 2020

Authors: Wang, Zhichao | Cheng, Huiyan | Xu, Huali | Yu, Xiaofeng | Sui, Dayun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: N6-methyladenosine (m6a) is the most abundant form of methylated modification in eukaryotic mRNA. However, the role of m6A-related genes in neuroblastoma (NB), one of the most common paediatric malignant tumours, is not well known. This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of m6A-related genes in neuroblastoma. METHODS: We analysed the expression of 20 published m6A methylation regulators in 498 patients with NB from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. To determine the independent prognostic factors, we used univariate Cox analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The multivariate Cox analysis …was used to construct a prognostic risk prediction model. 120 NB tissues from “Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments” (TARGET ) database was used to test the prognostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to discover the potential biological function of the m6A signature. RESULTS: The risk prediction model consisted of five genes (METT14, WTAP, HNRNPC, YTHDF1 and IGF2BP2). The receiving operating characteristic curve showed the high exactitude of the risk model. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk model was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. These results were reproduced using another published independent dataset. Further functional enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of the 5-gene signature in several malignancies. CONCLUSION: The five m6A regulatory genes identified in this study enable clinical prognosis of NB and may serve as novel therapeutic targets for NB. Show more

Keywords: Cancer, epigenetics, m6A methylation, neuroblastoma, risk factors, transcriptome

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-191196

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 275-284, 2020

Authors: Lin, Yu-Han | Wu, Chen-Hsuan | Fu, Hung-Chun | Chen, Yu-Jen | Chen, Yin-Yi | Ou, Yu-Che | Lin, Hao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy. Accurate and cost-effective predictive tools to estimate the prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before treatment are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2016, 326 patients with a diagnosis of primary epithelial ovarian cancer were retrospectively reviewed. We attempted to identify an optimal cut-off value of CEA to predict survival using ROC curve …analysis. Cox regression univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off value of CEA was 2.6 ng/mL. In univariate and multivariate analyses, FIGO stage and pretreatment CA-125 and CEA levels significantly predicted progression-free and overall survival. The 5-year progression-free survival rate for patients with both a CEA level < 2.6 ng/mL and CA-125 level < 35 U/mL was 84%, compared to only 33% for the patients with higher levels of both markers (p < 0.001). The 5-year cancer specific survival rate was 94% in those with a CEA level < 2.6 ng/mL and CA-125 level < 35 U/mL, and only 39% for those with higher levels of both markers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to traditional prognostic factors, a pretreatment serum CEA level ⩾ 2.6 ng/mL and CA-125 level ⩾ 35 U/mL were also independent prognostic factors for epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with an elevated CEA and/or CA-125 level before treatment should be considered to be at high-risk of recurrence and death. Show more

Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-201455

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 285-292, 2020

Authors: Liu, Ting Ting | Li, Xue Feng | Wang, Li | Yang, Ju Lun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: CD133 is the molecular marker of normal stem cells and progenitor cells and also confirmed as a marker for cancer stem cells in various tumors. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of CD133 and assess its clinicopathologic significance in benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS: We analyzed the distribution of CD133 positive cells in breast usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive breast carcinomas. We then explored the relationship between the CD133 expression and clinicopathologic features using immuno-histochemical staining. RESULTS: …We found that CD133 is not expressed in the cells of normal breast tissue, but the expression rate increased with progression of lesions from usual hyperplasia, through atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. The positive expression rate of CD133 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma correlated to histological grade, cancer stage, nodal status, metastasis, recurrence, event-free survival and overall survival. There was no significant correlation between CD133 expression and factors such as age, postmenopausal status, histological type, tumor size, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression. CONCLUSION: CD133 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. CD133 positive breast cancer cells are closely related to invasiveness and its expression may predict a poor prognosis. Show more

Keywords: Breast usual ductal hyperplasia, breast atypical ductal hyperplasia, breast ductal carcinomas in situ, invasive breast carcinoma, CD133, cancer stem cell

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-190196

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 293-299, 2020

Authors: Fan, Haixia | Hu, Zheng | Wang, Shan | Wu, Wen | Liu, Xue | Geng, Haixia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between survivin expression and melanoma after 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated sonodynamic therapy. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect survivin protein expression in human melanoma clinical samples. Subsequently, the effects of 5-ALA-mediated sonodynamic therapy were determined by measuring the volume of melanoma xenografts and the bodyweights of melanoma-bearing nude mice. The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of melanoma B16-F10 cells under the action of 5-ALA-mediated sonodynamic therapy, and Western blotting and PCR were used to detect survivin expression in melanoma cells and in the melanoma-xenograft model. …RESULTS: Survivin expression was significantly upregulated in human melanoma tissues compared with that of non-melanoma tissues. In the in vivo case, 5-ALA-mediated sonodynamic therapy significantly delayed tumor growth, prolonged the survival of mice, and inhibited the expression of survivin. In the in vitro case, 5-ALA-mediated sonodynamic therapy inhibited B16-F10 cell proliferation and decreased survivin expression at both protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that 5-ALA-mediated sonodynamic therapy inhibited B16-F10 cell proliferation and melanoma-xenograft growth and prolonged survival of melanoma-bearing nude mice, which might be through downregulation of survivin expression. Show more

Keywords: Sonodynamic therapy, 5-aminolevulinic acid, melanoma B16-F10 cells, survivin, prognosis

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-190681

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 301-308, 2020

Authors: Cheng, Jianghong | Luan, Jing | Chen, Peng | Kuang, Xuefeng | Jiang, Pengtao | Zhang, Ruisan | Chen, Shuai | Cheng, Fan | Gou, Xingchun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive receptor LILRB1 regulates tumors progression by transducing immune inhibitory signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. However, its role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) remains vague. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to disclose the association between LILRB1 and HCC. METHODS: Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were employed to evaluate the level of LILRB1 in hepatocarcinoma cells. LILRB1-positive cells in tissue array were measured using immunohistochemistry staining. The relation among LILRB1, SHP1 and SHP2 and survival rates were analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine database. RESULTS: LILRB1 was …robustly reduced in hepatocarcinoma cells compared to normal cells. Clinically, LILRB1 was significantly higher in 49 of 75 (65%) paired paracarcinoma tissues than that in paired HCC samples. 48 of 75 (64%) HCC subjects in tissue microarray showed low level of LILRB1, compared to 25 of 75 (33%) in paired-adjacent tissues. Oncomine database and GEPIA analysis confirmed that LILRB1 was lower in HCC than normal tissues. Additionally, lowLILRB1 had a significant association with clinicopathological characteristics and Disease Free Survival, but no association with Overall Survival in HCC patients. Mechanismly, positive correlation between LILRB1 and SHP1, but not SHP2 was observed in HCC. CONCLUSIONS: LILRB1 possibly plays an antitumor effect in hepatocarcinoma cells by integrating SHP1, providing evidence that LILRB1 might be involved in the pathologic progression of HCC. Show more

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, LILRB1, Disease Free Survival, SHP1, SHP2

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-190940

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 309-319, 2020

Authors: Weiss, Jakob Benjamin Wilhelm | Wagner, Alexandra Elisabeth | Eberherr, Corinna | Häberle, Beate | Vokuhl, Christian | von Schweinitz, Dietrich | Kappler, Roland

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of microRNAs (miRs) as biomarkers to predict outcome in hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common malignant liver tumor in childhood, has still to be determined. Recently, the so-called four-miR signature has been described to efficiently stratify HB patients according to their prognosis. OBJECTIVE: We examined the recently described four-miR signature for its clinical relevance in an independent validation cohort of HB patients and tried to optimize its predictive value by analyzing four additional miRs involved in HB biology. METHODS: Expression of eight miR was determined in 29 tumor and 10 normal …liver samples by TaqMan assays and association studies and Kaplan-Meier estimators determined their clinical relevance. RESULTS: Stratifying HB patients by the four-miR signature showed no difference in patients’ outcome, which was also reflected by the lack of association with any clinical risk parameter. Adding miR-23b-5p and miR-23b-3p did also not increase its discriminating power. However, the integration of miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p into the four-miR signature could predict patients with poor outcome that were associated with large tumors and vessel invasive growth with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The expansion of the four-miR signature by miR-483 serves as a useful biomarker to predict outcome of HB patients. Show more

Keywords: Hepatoblastoma, biomarker, microRNA, four-miR signature, miR-483, IGF2, prognosis

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-191390

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 321-328, 2020

Authors: Lu, You-Zhu | Li, Yang | Zhang, Ting | Han, Shu-tang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Claudins are indispensible in modulating the permeability of epithelial and endothelial cells and in the maintenance of cell polarity. In order to verify the function of claudin-6 in the development of gastric cancer, we investigated claudin-6 expression in different gastric disease tissues. Moreover, we further explored whether overexpression of claudin-6 altered proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness, differentiation in BGC-823 cells and the potential mechanism. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the in situ expression of claudin-6 in different gastric disease tissues; moreover, cell culture, real-time PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the effect of overexpression of claudin-6 in vitro …and the related mechanism. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the positivity of claudin-6 was significantly higher in superficial gastritis than that in gastric cancer. Overexpression of claudin-6 induced differentiation of BGC-823 cells by inhibiting the JNK pathway. However, it had no effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration or invasiveness in vitro . The expression of claudin-6 was decreased in gastric cancer. Overexpression of claudin-6 induced differentiation of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Show more

Keywords: Gastric cancer, claudin-6, BGC-823, differentiation, JNK pathway

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-201554

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 329-340, 2020

Authors: Su, Wen-Lung | Chuang, Shih-Chang | Wang, Yu-Chu | Chen, Lin-An | Huang, Jian-Wei | Chang, Wen-Tsan | Wang, Shen-Nien | Lee, King-Teh | Lin, Chang-Shen | Kuo, Kung-Kai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective prognostic biomarkers and powerful target-therapeutic drugs are needed for improving the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A and their prognostic value in HCC. METHODS: We determined the differentially expressed genes signature in HCC using the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and then evaluated the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A in TCGA and KMUH cohort. Associations between co-expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A and clinical variables were calculated. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated with different FOXM1 and Aurora-A …expression status. RESULTS: FOXM1-related gene sets were mostly associated with cell cycle regulation in HCC tissues. We found a positive correlation between the expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A. Overexpression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A was associated with larger tumor size, advanced stage, higher grade, and double-positive for HBV and HCV. The coordinated overexpression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A was the most significant independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS. Furthermore, the concomitant high expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A predicted the worst OS of sorafenib-treated patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS: The co-expression of FOXM1 and Aurora-A could be a reliable biomarker to predict the sorafenib response and prognosis of HCC patients. Show more

Keywords: FOXM1, Aurora-A, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-190507

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 341-350, 2020

Authors: Wang, Hsin-Yi | Liu, Yi-Nan | Wu, Shang-Gin | Hsu, Chia-Lang | Chang, Tzu-Hua | Tsai, Meng-Feng | Lin, Yen-Ting | Shih, Jin-Yuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: EGFR -mutant lung cancer inevitably develops resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TKI therapy response and resistance. METHODS: We performed a miRNA PCR array analysis and used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify potential miRNAs related to EGFR TKIs resistance. We then correlated miRNA expression in 70 surgical and 50 malignant pleural effusion specimens with patient outcomes in those with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Molecular manipulation was performed in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells to …assess the effect of miR-200c-3p on cell migratory ability and EGFR-TKI sensitivity. RESULTS: We identified miR-200c-3p and miR-203a-3p as potential EGFR TKI resistance regulators via their modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MiR-200c-3p and miR-203a-3p were down-regulated in EGFR TKI-resistant cell lines. Progression-free survival (PFS) with EGFR-TKI treatment of patients with high miR-200c-3p expression, but not miR-203a-3p, in the specimens was significantly longer than that of patients with low expression. MiR-200c-3p overexpression inhibited the EMT process in EGFR TKI resistance cell lines and promoted cell death. MiR-200c-3p silencing in EGFR TKI sensitive cell lines increased drug resistance. CONCLUSION: MiR-200c-3p plays a role in sensitivity to EGFR TKIs via modulating EMT process. Show more

Keywords: Erlotinib, gefitinib, non-small cell lung cancer, miR-200c-3p, miR-203a-3p, tyrosine kinase inhibitors

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-191119

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 351-363, 2020