Examine the association of nutrients, lifestyle, and related factors with the risk of depression in a well-nourished over-55-years old community

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Shadmand Foumani Moghadam, Mohammad Reza^{a; b} | Etemadi, Sharif^a | Amushahi, Mohammad^a | Araste, Asie^c | Rashidipour, Mina^d | Bakhshipour, Reyhane^a | Jandari, Sajedeh^c | Pezeshki, Parnian^a | Rezvani, Reza^{c; 1} | Hosseini, Zohreh^{a; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Nutrition Science, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | [b] Department of Nutrition, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | [c] Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | [d] Department of Health and Nutrition, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Zohreh Hosseini, MSc. RDN, Lecturer of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, EDC Officer, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, No 100, Ladan the 3rd st, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran. Postal code: 9179 666 768; Tel.: +98 513 509 1160/Ext.: 331; Fax: +98 513 5091172; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].

Note: [1] Equal-corresponding author: Reza Rezvani MD. Ph.D. PDF., Assistant Professor of clinical nutrition, Head, Deputy of Education of Nutrition Department School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Azadi Square, Campus of University, Mashhad, Iran Postal Code: 9177948564; Professeur adjoint en nutrition clinique, Chef, Adjoint de l’éducation du Département de la nutrition École de médecine, Université de Mashhad des sciences médicales Azadi Square, campus Universitaire, Mashad, Iran. Tel.: +98 5138002418; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].

Abstract: BACKGROUND:The older adult population is increasing, and depression is commonly observed within this community. OBJECTIVE:Examine the association of nutrients and lifestyle with depression in a well-nourished over-55-years old community. METHOD:The risk of depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory. Lifestyle, health-related quality of life, and physical activity were assessed. Dietary nutrient intake was recorded and adjusted to body weight. RESULT:58% of the population had mild to severe depression. The differences between depression groups for age, gender, quality of life, and nearly all social-economic factors were significant. The impact of age, physical activity, sports, economic level, and smoking on depression was independent of all other factors. Most adjusted nutrients and energy intake were inversely associated with depression (protein (p = 0.043), fiber (p = 0.037), iron (p = 0.041), vitamin B6 (p = 0.011), and caffeine (p = 0.009) was independent of the energy intake). The predictor decision tree model for depression showed working in males and having sport, economics, and living with someone in females were the main depression predictors. CONCLUSION:Working for males and sports in females along with a high-quality lifestyle with a diet rich in protein, fibre, iron, vitamin B6, and caffeine were associated with a lower risk of depression in this population.

Keywords: Depression, lifestyle, nutrition, prevalence, ageing

DOI: 10.3233/MNM-220104

Journal: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 235-255, 2023