Alginate poly and oligosaccharide (AOS) from Sargassum sp. as immunostimulant in gnotobiotic artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assay against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi
Affiliations: [a]
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| [b] Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Khairun University, Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia
| [c]
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya | [d]
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| [e]
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Prof. Rabia O. Al-Ghazeer, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box: 13203, Tripoli, Libya. Tel: 00218913671084; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.
