Affiliations: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA | Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Richmond at the Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA | Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Note: [] Corresponding author: Dr. Julie C. Fitzgerald, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 8th Floor Main Hospital, Room 8571, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Tel.: +1 215 590 4879; Fax: +1 215 590 4327; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Acute kidney injury is common after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant with a reported incidence of 21–55% in the first 3 mo after transplant. Acute kidney injury is associated with decreased survival and the development of chronic kidney disease in this patient population. In this review, current definitions of acute kidney injury are discussed. The epidemiology and risk factors for acute kidney injury in this patient population are described, and current hypotheses on the pathophysiology are reviewed. Current and emerging ideas about changes to management strategies to mitigate acute kidney injury are presented, and areas for further research are proposed.