Affiliations: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic
Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain | Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La
Fe, Valencia, Spain
Note: [] Corresponding author: Máximo Vento, Division of Neonatology,
University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe Bulevar Sur s/n, 46026 Valencia,
Spain. Tel.: +34 96 1245688; Fax: +34 96 1244657; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Fetal to neonatal transition is characterized by abrupt changes in
the cardio-respiratory physiology. In few minutes, the newly born infant
expands the lungs, diminishes pulmonary vascular resistance dilating the
pulmonary vessels, and establishes a highly efficient gas exchange between
alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed. However, under certain pathologic
conditions asphyxia ensues. Asphyxia is characterized by prolonged periods of
hypoxia and ischemia that cause brain energy exhaustion leading in many
occasions to a hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The cornerstones of newborn
resuscitation consist in the establishment of a functional residual capacity
and an adequate oxygenation. Of note, the need for oxygen during resuscitation
varies substantially between term and preterm infants as has been shown in
physiologic studies. The aim of this review article is to present updated
knowledge in the management of oxygen in the delivery room both in term babies
suffering from birth asphyxia and in preterm babies needing aid to overcome
postnatal adaptation.
