Affiliations: [a] Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| [b] Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| [c] Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| [d] International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| [e] School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| [f] First Department of Neurology, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Correspondence:
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Correspondence to: Dylan Jester, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0664, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +1 858 534 6299; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: Background:Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at an increased risk of progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. However, few have examined the specific cognitive tests that are associated with progression. Objective:This study examined performance on 18 neuropsychological tests among participants with SCD who later progressed to MCI or dementia. Methods:We included 131 participants from the Czech Brain Aging Study that had SCD at baseline. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including cognitive tests from the Uniform Data Set 2.0 enriched by the verbal memory test Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT). Results:Fifty-five participants progressed: 53% to non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), 44% to amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 4% to dementia. Scoring one SD below the mean at baseline on the RAVLT 1 and RAVLT 1–5 was associated with 133% (RAVLT 1; HR: 2.33 [1.50, 3.62]) and 122% (RAVLT 1–5; HR: 2.22 [1.55, 3.16]) greater risk of progression to MCI or dementia over 3.84 years on average. Worse performance on the RAVLT 5, RAVLT 1–5, RAVLT 30, and ROCFT–Recall was associated with progression to aMCI whereas worse performance on the RAVLT 1, TMT B, and Boston Naming Test was associated with progression to naMCI. Conclusion:At baseline, lower verbal memory performance was most strongly associated with progression to aMCI whereas lower executive or language performance was most strongly associated with progression to naMCI.
