Neuroscience20 (BRAIN20, SPINE20, and MENTAL20) Health Initiative: A Global Consortium Addressing the Human and Economic Burden of Brain, Spine, and Mental Disorders Through Neurotech Innovations and Policies

Article type: Review Article

Authors: Morris, Kevin^{a; b; 1} | Nami, Mohammad^{a; c; d; hhh; 1} | Bolanos, Joe F.^{a; b; 1} | Lobo, Maria A.^{a; b} | Sadri-Naini, Melody^{a; b} | Fiallos, John^{a; b} | Sanchez, Gilberto E.^{a; b} | Bustos, Teshia^{a; b} | Chintam, Nikita^{a; b} | Amaya, Marco^{a; b} | Strand, Susanne E.^{a; b} | Mayuku-Dore, Alero^{a; b} | Sakibova, Indira^{a; b} | Biso, Grace Maria Nicole^{a; b} | DeFilippis, Alejandro^{a; b} | Bravo, Daniela^{a; b} | Tarhan, Nevzat^{a; d; e} | Claussen, Carsten^{a; f} | Mercado, Alejandro^{a; g} | Braun, Serge^h | Yuge, Louis^{a; i; j} | Okabe, Shigeo^k | Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad^l | Kotliar, Konstantin^m | Sadowsky, Christinaⁿ | Chandra, P. Sarat^o | Tripathi, Manjari^p | Katsaros, Vasileios^{q; r; s} | Mehling, Brian^{t; iii} | Noroozian, Maryam^{d; u} | Abbasioun, Kazem^{d; v} | Amirjamshidi, Abbas^{d; v} | Hossein-Zadeh, Gholam-Ali^{d; w} | Naraghi, Faridedin^{d; x} | Barzegar, Mojtaba^{d; y} | Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.^{d; z; aa} | Sahab-Negah, Sajad^{d; bb; jjj} | Sadeghian, Saeid^{d; cc} | Fahnestock, Margaret^dd | Dilbaz, Nesrin^e | Hussain, Namath^{a; ee} | Mari, Zoltan^{a; ff} | Thatcher, Robert W.^{a; gg; hh} | Sipple, Daniel^{a; b; f} | Sidhu, Kuldip^{a; b; ii; jj; kk} | Chopra, Deepak^ll | Costa, Francesco^{mm; nn} | Spena, Giannantonio^oo | Berger, Ted^{a; pp} | Zelinsky, Deborah^{a; qq} | Wheeler, Christopher J.^{a; l} | Ashford, J. Wesson^{a; rr} | Schulte, Reinhard^{a; ee} | Nezami, M. A.^ss | Kloor, Harry^{a; tt} | Filler, Aaron^{a; b; uu} | Eliashiv, Dawn S.^{a; vv} | Sinha, Dipen^a | DeSalles, Antonio A.F.^{ww; xx; yy} | Sadanand, Venkatraman^{a; b} | Suchkov, Sergey^{hh; zz} | Green, Ken^{a; b} | Metin, Barish^{d; e} | Hariri, Robert^{a; b; aaa; bbb} | Cormier, Jason^{a; ccc} | Yamamoto, Vicky^{a; b; ddd; eee} | Kateb, Babak^{d; ee; fff; ggg; *}

Affiliations: [a] Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [b] Brain Mapping Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [c] Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran | [d] Middle East Brain + Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [e] Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey | [f] Fraunhofer-Institute for Translational Research and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany | [g] Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Military Regional Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina | [h] AFM-Telethon France, Paris, France | [i] Division of Bio-Environment Adaptation Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan | [j] Cell Therapy Venture Company, Space Bio-Laboratories, Hiroshima, Japan | [k] Brain Medical Science Collaboration Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institution and Department: Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan | [l] Social Science Research Institute, Tokai University, Shibuya City, Tokyo, Japan | [m] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany | [n] International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute-Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA | [o] Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India | [p] Department of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India | [q] Department of Advanced Imaging Modalities, MRI Unit, General Anti-Cancer and Oncological Hospital of Athens “St. Savvas”, Athens, Greece | [r] Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece | [s] Department of Neuroradiology, University College of London, London, UK | [t] T-Neuro Pharma, Inc., Albuquerque, NM, USA | [u] Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | [v] Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | [w] National Brain Mapping Laboratory, Tehran, Iran | [x] Iranian Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran | [y] Intelligent Quantitative Bio-Medical Imaging, Tehran, Iran, and Medical Physics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran | [z] Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran | [aa] Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA | [bb] Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran | [cc] Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran | [dd] Lafayette Surgical Specialty Hospital, Lafayette, LA, USA | [ee] Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA | [ff] Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA | [gg] Applied Neuroscience Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA | [hh] Applied Neuroscience, Inc., St. Petersburg, Fl, USA | [ii] CK Cell Technologies Pty Ltd, Norwest, NSW, Australia | [jj] Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia | [kk] Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics-Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia | [ll] The Chopra Foundation, Orlando, FL, USA | [mm] IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy | [nn] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy | [oo] Azienda Ospedaliera della Provincia di Lecco, Brescia, Italy | [pp] USC Department of Biomedical Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [qq] The Mind-Eye Institute, Northbrook, IL, USA | [rr] Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada | [ss] Sahel Oncology LLC, Newport Beach, CA, USA | [tt] Beyond Imagination, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [uu] Institute for Nerve Medicine, Santa Monica, CA, USA | [vv] Department of Neurology, UCLA-David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [ww] Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles CA, USA | [xx] NeuroSapiens - Rede D’Or São Luiz, Sao Paulo, Brazil | [yy] Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics-Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil | [zz] Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics-Russia, Moscow, Russia | [aaa] Celularity Corporation, Warren, NJ, USA | [bbb] Weill Cornell School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY, USA | [ccc] Blue Horizon International, Hackensack, NJ, USA | [ddd] USC Keck School of Medicine, The USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [eee] USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [fff] National Center for Nanobioelectronics, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [ggg] Brain Technology and Innovation Park, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [hhh] Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama | [iii] StemVax LLC, Chesterland, OH, USA | [jjj] Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Babak Kateb, MD, Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT), Los Angeles, CA, USA. E-mail: [email protected].

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: Neurological disorders significantly impact the world’s economy due to their often chronic and life-threatening nature afflicting individuals which, in turn, creates a global disease burden. The Group of Twenty (G20) member nations, which represent the largest economies globally, should come together to formulate a plan on how to overcome this burden. The Neuroscience-20 (N20) initiative of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) is at the vanguard of this global collaboration to comprehensively raise awareness about brain, spine, and mental disorders worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various brain initiatives worldwide and highlight the need for cooperation and recommend ways to bring down costs associated with the discovery and treatment of neurological disorders. Our systematic search revealed that the cost of neurological and psychiatric disorders to the world economy by 2030 is roughly $16T. The cost to the economy of the United States is $1.5T annually and growing given the impact of COVID-19. We also discovered there is a shortfall of effective collaboration between nations and a lack of resources in developing countries. Current statistical analyses on the cost of neurological disorders to the world economy strongly suggest that there is a great need for investment in neurotechnology and innovation or fast-tracking therapeutics and diagnostics to curb these costs. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, SBMT, through this paper, intends to showcase the importance of worldwide collaborations to reduce the population’s economic and health burden, specifically regarding neurological/brain, spine, and mental disorders.

Keywords: Brain20, global brain initiatives, Mental20, mental disorders cost, neurological disorders cost, Neuroscience20, Spine20, spine disorders cost

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215190

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 1563-1601, 2021