Affiliations: [a]
University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| [b]
The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, New York, NY, USA
| [c]
Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Irene Litvan, MD, MSc, FAAN, FANA, Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, UC San Diego Department of Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0886, USA. Fax: +1 858 822 5743; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: Background:Hispanics are under-represented in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research despite the importance of diversity for results to apply to a wide range of patients. Objective:To investigate the perspective of Hispanic persons with Parkinson disease (PWP) regarding awareness, interest, and barriers to participation in research. Methods:We developed and administered a survey and qualitative interview in English and Spanish. For the survey, 62 Hispanic and 38 non-Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center were recruited in Arizona. For interviews, 20 Hispanic PWP, 20 caregivers, and six physicians providing service to Hispanic PWP in the community were recruited in California. Survey responses of Hispanic and non-Hispanic PWP were compared. Major survey themes were identified by applying grounded theory and open coding. Results:The survey found roughly half (Q1 54%, Q2 55%) of Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center knew about research; there was unawareness among community Hispanic PWP. Most preferred having physician recommendations for research participation and were willing to participate. Hispanics preferred teams who speak their native language and include family. Research engagement, PD knowledge, role of family, living with PD, PD care, pre-diagnosis/diagnosis emerged as themes from the interview. Conclusion:Barriers exist for participation of Hispanic PWP in research, primarily lack of awareness of PD research opportunities. Educating physicians of the need to encourage research participation of Hispanic PWP can address this. Physicians need to be aware of ongoing research and should not assume PWP disinterest. Including family members and providing research opportunities in their native language can increase research recruitment.
Keywords: Health services research, hispanic, minority health, Parkinson’s disease, research access, research barriers
