Affiliations: [a]
Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology (LR19ES09), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| [b] Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognition (EA 4004), Psychology UFR, University of Vincennes/Saint-Denis, Paris, France
| [c]
University of Algiers 2, Bouzaréah, Algeria
| [d]
Neurology Department, University Hospital Sahloul Sousse, Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Ines Ben Ayed and Naomie Castor-Guyonvarch, Laboratory of Human and Artificial Cognition (Chart - EA 4004), Psychology UFR, University of Vincennes/Saint-Denis, Paris 8, France. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.
Note: [2] Deceased
Abstract: Background:Many studies have shown the impact of acute aerobic exercises (AAE) on cognition in healthy adults or at a pre-dementia stage. Few studies, however, have explored the positive effects of AAE in moderate Alzheimer’s disease (ADM) patients. Objective:Evaluating the effect of AAE on cognitive functions in ADM patients. Methods:Overall, 79 (age: 69.62±0.99) ADM patients were recruited. Participants were divided into three groups according to the task: aerobic exercises done alone or combined with cognitive games presented on a screen, and a control group who performed a reading task. The aerobic exercise protocol consisted of a 20-min cycling exercise of moderate intensity, corresponding to 60%of the individual target maximal heart rate recorded in a 6-minute walking test. The participants’ cognition was monitored before and after the intervention using the Tower of Hanoi, Digit Span, and Stroop tasks. Results:After the exercise, the participants’ attention in both the physical and combined groups improved for the Stroop, the forward and backward Digit Span tasks, as well as the time taken to solve the Tower of Hanoi, although no significant differences were found in the number of moves taken in the latter. By contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvement for most of the cognitive tasks after the reading session. Conclusion:Current evidence suggests that AAE may help to improve cognitive functions in ADM patients. This improvement is enhanced when the exercise is combined with cognitive games. Safe and progressive types of exercises should be promoted among ADM patients.
Keywords: Aerobic exercises, Alzheimer disease, attention, solving problem, working memory
