The Effects of a 5-Year Physical Exercise Intervention with Music in Community- Dwelling Normal Elderly People: The Mihama-Kiho Follow-Up Project

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Satoh, Masayuki^{a; *} | Ogawa, Jun-ichi^b | Tokita, Tomoko^c | Matsumoto, Yoshimi^d | Nakao, Koji^e | Tabei, Ken-ichi^a | Kato, Natsuko^a | Tomimoto, Hidekazu^{a; f}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan | [b] Yamaha Music Foundation, Toyko, Japan | [c] Department of Health and Welfare, Mihama Town Hall, Mihama, Mie, Japan | [d] Department of Health and Welfare, Kiho Town Hall, Kiho, Mie, Japan | [e] Department of Neurosurgery, Kinan Hospital, Mihama, Mie, Japan | [f] Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Masayuki Satoh, Associate Professor, Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. Tel.: +81 59 231 6031; Fax: +81 59 231 6029; E-mail: [email protected].

Note: [] Registered: UMIN-CTR (UMIN000012148).

Abstract: Background:We previously reported the enhanced effects of physical exercise when combined with music (ExM) on cognitive function in community-dwelling normal elderly people compared to exercise alone. Following that study, participants voluntarily continued the ExM classes for 5 years. Objective:To identify the effects of a 5-year ExM intervention on cognitive function in normal elderly people. Methods:Fifty-four subjects continued the ExM classes once a week for 5 years (ExM group). Thirty-three subjects retired from the ExM class during the 5 years (Retired group). Twenty-one subjects never participated in any intervention over the 5 years (No-exercise group). Cognitive function and ADLs were assessed using neuropsychological batteries and the functional independence measure (FIM), respectively. The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease (VSRAD) was used to investigate medial temporal lobe atrophy. Results:Analyses of the raw scores after the 5-year intervention showed significant differences between the ExM and No-exercise groups in their MMSE scores, Raven’s colored progressive matrices (RCPM) time, logical memory (LM)-I, as well as the total and physical exercise sub-scores of the FIM. Analysis of subjects aged 70– 79 years at the beginning of this project showed significantly quicker performance on the RCPM in the ExM compared to No-exercise groups. The correlation coefficients between the total number of ExM sessions attended and the degree of changes in physical, neuropsychological, and VSRAD scores were significant for RCPM performance time and LM-I scores. Conclusion:Long-term ExM intervention reinforces multifaceted cognitive function in normal elderly people, and is especially beneficial for psychomotor speed.

Keywords: functional independence measure, long-term effect, neuropsychological assessments, physical exercise with music, psychomotor speed

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200480

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1493-1507, 2020