Searching for just a few words should be enough to get started. If you need to make more complex queries, use the tips below to guide you.
Issue title: Toxicity Biomarkers
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Shaw, Martin
Affiliations: Biotrin International, 93 The Rise, Mount Merrion, Co Dublin, Ireland. Tel.: +353 1 283 1166; Fax: +353 1 283 1232; E-mail: [email protected]; URL: http://www.biotrin.com | Merck and Co., Inc.
Abstract: Failure of drug candidates late in development is very expensive. This can be reduced by using more specific biomarkers of effect and toxicity during the preclinical and development testing. However, traditional toxicity tests have not been developed to study toxicology and so may lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity hence the search for new biomarkers using the many “–omics” technologies. Important aspects of useful biomarkers are that their origin is known and localised so that one knows what is being observed. Furthermore, biomarkers with a localised origin are less likely to be subject to background variation and have a wider dynamic range. This paper will discuss how using biomarkers with a known cellular origin, toxic effects can be found earlier and at lower doses of compound.
Keywords: glutathione S-transferase, GST, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, diabetes, renal papillary necrosis, acetaminophen, paracetamol, methotrexate, biomarkers
DOI: 10.3233/CBM-2005-1108
Journal: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 69-74, 2005
IOS Press, Inc.
6751 Tepper Drive
Clifton, VA 20124
USA
Tel: +1 703 830 6300
Fax: +1 703 830 2300
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
IOS Press
Nieuwe Hemweg 6B
1013 BG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 688 3355
Fax: +31 20 687 0091
[email protected]
For editorial issues, permissions, book requests, submissions and proceedings, contact the Amsterdam office [email protected]
Inspirees International (China Office)
Ciyunsi Beili 207(CapitaLand), Bld 1, 7-901
100025, Beijing
China
Free service line: 400 661 8717
Fax: +86 10 8446 7947
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
如果您在出版方面需要帮助或有任何建, 件至: [email protected]