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Price: EUR 250.00Authors: Pal, Anubhab | Patel, Thaneswer | Khro, Keneiselie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The accurate measurement of the human body is essential when it comes to designing agricultural tools and equipment that can effectively accommodate and interact with individuals when performing a task. The traditional method for measuring an individual’s body measurements is highly complex and requires two or more skilled individuals and reliable measurement tools. Finding a new approach that is speedier, more precise, and less expensive than current methods is therefore necessary. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop an inexpensive novel photogrammetric anthropometric measurement setup that can extract the dimensions of an individual subject irrespective of …their body shape. METHODS: This study involved the creation of a setup comprising four cameras for a 360° photoshoot of human subjects to calibrate and test the developed measurement setup for capturing photos of human subjects and compare the results with manual measurements. RESULTS: Ten different body dimensions were measured using the setup. There was a significant correlation between the manual and photogrammetric measurement methods (0.943 < r < 0.997). The highest absolute error recorded was 1.87% . CONCLUSION: The photogrammetric method for collecting anthropometric data is a reliable substitute for manual measurements across diverse populations. The results indicate that this low-cost approach is highly precise and reliable, with strong correlation to manual measurements. Multiview photogrammetry proves effective for individuals of various body shapes, making it a versatile option for data collection. Show more
Keywords: Photogrammetry, computer-assisted image processing, body size, agricultural tools, precision measurement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230276
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Kilic, Eren | Cetin-Kilic, Nergiz | Tatar, Berivan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has introduced many contextual changes into individuals’ work and family lives, affecting their career sustainability. Although previous studies have provided evidence for these changes, little is known about how changing contextual demands (de)motivated them to take proactive initiatives for crafting sustainable careers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore how changing work and family demands of academic parents during Covid-19 affected their career sustainability indicators and career initiatives regarding health, happiness, and productivity. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 academic parents during the post-lockdown period of Covid-19 in Turkey. We …analyzed the qualitative data by using content analysis via MAXQDA software. RESULTS: Results revealed differing career sustainability experiences and initiatives regarding gender roles, career stage, and work/family demands and resources. Notably, women academics with higher contextual demands and lower contextual resources and early-career academics reported relatively adverse experiences concerning their health, happiness, and productivity. Besides, even though early-career academics faced problems with sustaining their career development, they were relatively more oriented to engage in career initiatives, such as reorganizing developmental needs, improving career skills, and seeking career support and guidance. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on the context, time, and person aspects of sustainable careers during Covid-19. Moreover, the study represents one of the first investigations into the proactive initiatives for crafting sustainable careers during the pandemic and provides a deeper insight into the (de)motivators for career proactivity. Show more
Keywords: Covid-19, career choice, sustainable development, parents, work-family balance, academic performance, gender role, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230164
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Cropley, Mark | Da Silva, Isabella N. | Rydstedt, Leif W. | Olsson, Maria I.T.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates that as men age, their tendency to ruminate about work decreases, while ruminating remains high in women, which poses an increased risk for impaired health among older women. OBJECTIVE: This study explored gender differences/similarities in the process of unwinding from work in men and women aged between 56–65 years. METHODS: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with eight men and eight women, recruited from a UK leading organization that provides health care solutions between May and June 2022. Participants were asked about their job role and responsibilities, their leisure …time activities, how they unwind post work, and their experiences of thinking about work related thoughts outside of work. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive analysis. RESULTS: Three superordinate themes were identified that underpinned their ability to unwind: ‘Work style’, ‘Creating work-life balance’ and ‘Switching off from one’s responsibilities’. Women reported a more perfectionist approach, they set high standards for themselves, were worried about making mistakes, and demonstrated, if in a supervisory role, a more nurturing and holistic approach to their colleagues/subordinates, while men, were more focused on task completion. Most women, but not men, also described difficulties in psychologically switching off from work, and stated they could only truly relax outside the home, when they are away from household activities. CONCLUSION: The study provides nuanced insights into the experiences of unwinding from work, and the findings suggest the need for person-centric approaches in developing interventions to help workers over 56 years to psychologically disengage from work. Show more
Keywords: Age, gender, work, work-related rumination, affective rumination, problem-solving pondering, leisure activities
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230406
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Fortin-Bédard, Noémie | Bouchard, David | Ladry, Naomie-Jade | Lettre, Josiane | Normand, Boucher | Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon | Lecours, Alexandra | Perreault, Kadija | Annie, LeBlanc | Routhier, FranÇcois | Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, protection and isolation measures established by the Canadian and Quebec governments have directly affected the work of health and social professionals (HSPs). These measures have added pressure on HSPs, complexified their work and added tasks to their already busy workload. However, few studies have explored in depth the impacts of the pandemic on HSPs working with people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of HSPs working among people with disabilities in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic …(January and February 2021), including the impact on their work, the relationships with their colleagues, and on their immediate social and familial environment. METHODS: HSPs participated in a semi-structured interview. A mixed thematic analysis approach, combining inductive and deductive coding, was carried out using N’Vivo 12. RESULTS: Fifty-five HSPs participated in the interviews (mean [SD] age, 42 [9 ]). They mostly identified as women (91% ). Three main themes representing the impacts of the pandemic were identified, including 1) Health and Well-being; 2) Family and social networks including the subthemes; 2.1) Fear of being a vector of contamination for their loved ones; 2.2) Work-family balance; 2.3) Social Network, and finally 3) Work, highlighting, including 3.1) Workload and adaptative strategies developed; 3.2) Relationship with colleagues; 3.3) Perceived support received at work, and 3.4) Services offered to patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of closely tracking and supporting the well-being of HSPs. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare, COVID-19, qualitative research, work, disabled persons, social support, coping skills, work-life balance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230404
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Vosoughi, Shahram | Niazi, Parisa | Abolghasemi, Jamileh | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dairy industry workers face numerous ergonomic risk factors in their workplace, including improper posture, manual material handling, and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Fewstudies have been conducted on the correlation of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue among workers in the dairy industry. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue in a dairy company. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 260 male workers were included in the research based on specific inclusion criteria. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and a researcher-made demographic questionnaire were …used to collect data. The posture of workers was evaluated using RULA and REBA software, and the evaluation of the manual lifting of loads was assessed using the WISHA lifting calculator. Finally, the collected data were entered into the SPSS software version 26.0 and analyzed. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant statistical relationship between the level of postural stress and chronic fatigue and a significant positive correlation between MSDs and chronic fatigue. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between MSDs, chronic fatigue, and ergonomics training experience. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study support the notion that high levels of postural stress and MSDs can produce an increase in chronic fatigue among workers, and lack of ergonomics training for workers can increase both MSDs and chronic fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out intervention measures in the field of ergonomics management in similar industries through the implementation of ergonomic intervention programs with a focus on proactive and preventive measures and the use of participatory ergonomic programs and educational demands assessment. Show more
Keywords: Dairy industry, postural stress, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic fatigue, pain, posture, ergonomic risk factors
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230309
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Eklund, Annika | Sterner, Anders | Nilsson, Maria Skyvell | Larsman, Pernilla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transition programs for newly graduated nurses in hospital settings are reported to provide learning opportunities, strengthening confidence, workplace integration and skills, retention and job satisfaction. Still, our knowledge of long-term effects is scarce and few studies have used control groups. OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term impact of having attended a transition program on the nurses’ experiences of the first years of practice. More specifically, ideology-infused psychological contract, ethical stress, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, opportunities for learning, and intention to stay in the nursing profession, were explored as outcome variables. METHODS: …A questionnaire survey was carried out among registered nurses from November 2019 to January 2020, with a 54% response rate. The analysis was based on 149 nurses who had attended a transition program, and 72 who had not attended. The nurses had seniority between one and three years. Independent samples t -test were used to investigate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The two groups showed small and non-significant differences in the outcome variables. However, regarding the frequency of ethical value conflicts induced by insufficient resources, as well as experiences of ethical value conflict distress, the group of nurses who had attended a transition program showed statistically significantly higher mean values, although the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: Newly graduated nurses need more than transition programs and skills training to progress in their nursing role and develop competence, increase job satisfaction, and reduce stress. Achieving these goals requires a long-term supportive learning environment that is integrated into everyday work. Show more
Keywords: New graduated nurses, transition, well-being, job satisfaction, moral distress, turnover, hospital work environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230537
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Dost, Ayse | Sezgin, Duygu | Esin, Melek Nihal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The conditions in the workplace have a critical influence on the mental health of nurses and their attitudes toward their job, which may impact patient care. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between perceptions of the work environment and fear of COVID-19 experienced by nurses. METHODS: The data were collected using a demographic data form, the Work Environment Scale (WES), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The study was completed with 183 nurses who provide care to COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The mean scores for the WES …and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were 63.59±12.35 and 21.98±8.36, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the points acquired from the “employee fears” section of the WES and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale mean ranks (r = 0.22). There was a weak negative correlation between the Fear of COVID-19 score and the WES “job satisfaction” score (r = –0.214). There was a weak negative correlation between the scores of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and perceived support at work (r = –0.33) and between the WES scores and weekly working hours (r = –0.27). However, there was a weak to moderate positive correlation between the WES scores and number of days off per week (r = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses experience a high fear of COVID-19, and a decrease in their attitudes of the work environment was associated with an increased fear of COVID-19. The fear of COVID-19 may be reduced by various interventions to provide support at work and increase nurses’ job satisfaction. Show more
Keywords: associated conditions, environment, fear, nurse, pandemic, workplace
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230121
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Hajizadeh, Roohalah | Ghiasvand, Fatemeh | Azimi Pirsaraei, Seyed Reza | Khani, Fouzia | Feiz-Arefi, Maryam | Beheshti, Mohammad Hosein
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vibration is one of the harmful factors for forklift drivers. The use of non- standard seats and not paying attention to how the seats are maintained can be affected by the amount of vibration transmitted to the person. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the amount of vibration transmitted from the forklift and the effect of different types of polyurethane foam in reducing the vibration transmitted from the forklift seat. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 38 forklifts in 4 diesel models with the same weight class. The amount of vibration transmitted from forklift seats according …to ISO2631 standard, taking into account the effect of various factors such as foam type (hot and cold), thickness (6–12 cm), load and year Function was measured. The amount of vibration caused by the forklift on the seat and under the seat was evaluated using ISO7096 standard. RESULTS: The average total vibration of the whole body in all foams in no-load mode is more than with load. The transmission vibration of cold polyurethane foam is less than that of hot polyurethane foam. With increasing thickness, the efficiency of cold polyurethane foam increases by 12 cm and in the loaded state 40.63% and in the unloaded state 49.58% in reducing the vibration transmitted to drivers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that cold foam has better effectiveness and efficiency than hot polyurethane foam. Also, the thicker the foam, the less vibration is transmitted to the driver. Show more
Keywords: Whole body vibration, forklifts, driver’s seats, polyurethane foam, occupational exposure
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230421
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Upadhyay, Rahul | Kumar, Ashis | Bhattacherjee, Ashis | Patra, Aditya Kumar | Chau, Nearkasen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study focuses on evaluating the exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and association of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with various risk factors among dumper operators in the mining industry. Despite the issue’s significance, prior research has been limited. OBJECTIVE: The study introduces a novel fuzzy-based approach for identifying, selecting, and prioritizing safety measures to mitigate MSD risks. METHODS: Data collection comprised face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scoring for posture assessment, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire for assessment of MSD prevalence. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to …analyse the contributing risk factors to MSDs and WBV exposure. These risk factors formed the basis for a practical approach to select appropriate safety measures based on fuzzy based aggregation method of expert’s judgment aimed at mitigating the risk of MSDs. RESULTS: The results revealed that the risk factors such as poor work posture, WBV exposure and poor seat design were significantly associated with neck (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 4.81), upper limb and shoulder (aOR = 3.28), upper back (aOR = 5.09), and lower back pain (aOR = 3.67) at p < 0.05. Using these factors to formulate safety measures to reduce MSD risk, the minimization of sharp turns and abrupt changes in elevation in designing the haul roads, scheduled maintenance practices, and ergonomic seat design were found as important safety measures in this study. CONCLUSION: Our unique methodological approach in occupational health research could be highly beneficial for tailoring safety measures at the unit level with minimal effort. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, occupational health, ergonomics, WBV exposure, surface mining, interventions, fuzzy set
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230489
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024
Authors: Brandt, Mikkel | Bláfoss, Rúni | Jakobsen, Markus Due | Samani, Afshin | Ajslev, Jeppe Z.N. | Madeleine, Pascal | Andersen, Lars L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) located in the low back and neck/shoulder regions are major concerns for both workers, workplaces, and society. Masons are prone to WMSD, because their work is characterized by repetitive work and high physical workload. However, the knowledge on the physical workload during bricklaying is primarily based on subjective measurements. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional field study with technical measurements aimed to quantify physical workload in terms of muscular activity and degree of forward bending during bricklaying at different working heights among masons, i.e., knee, hip, shoulder, and above shoulder height. METHODS: …Twelve male (36.1±16.1 years) experienced masons participated in a cross-sectional field study with technical measurements. Surface electromyography from erector spinae longissimus and upper trapezius muscles and an inertial measurement unit-sensor placed on the upper back were used to assess the physical workload (level of muscle activation and degree of forward bending) different bricklaying heights. Manual video analysis was used to determine duration of work tasks, frequency, type, and working height. The working heights were categorized as ‘knee’, ‘hip’, ‘shoulder’, and ‘above shoulder’. The 95 percentiles of the normalized Root Mean Square (RMSn) values were extracted assess from erector spinae and trapezius recordings to assess strenuous level muscle of muscle activation. RESULTS: The RMSn of dominant erector spinae muscle increased from hip- to shoulder height (from 26.6 to 29.6, P < 0.0001), but not from hip to above shoulder height and decreased from hip to knee height (from 26.6 to 18.9, P < 0.0001). For the dominant trapezius muscle, the RMSn increased from hip- to shoulder- and above shoulder height (from 13.9 to 19.7 and 24.0, respectively, P < 0.0001) but decreased from hip- to knee height (from 13.9 to 11.5, P < 0.0001). Compared to hip height (27.9°), an increased forward bending was detected during bricklaying at knee height (34.5°, P < 0.0001) and a decreased degree of forward bending at shoulder- and above shoulder height (17.6° and 12.5°, P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on technical measurements, bricklaying at hip height showed the best compromise between muscular load and degree of forward bending. This study contributes to the development of the work environment for masons and can help guide preventive initiatives to reduce physical workload. Show more
Keywords: Bricklayers, electromyography, actigraphy, musculoskeletal diseases, ergonomics, building and construction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230325
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Poh, Jess Xiu Yi | Chan, Kuang Hong | Tan, Samantha Si Li | Xu, Tianma
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational therapists (OT) assess and prescribe assistive devices to older adults with limitations in performing daily living activities. Timely prescription of assistive devices to accommodate the rising demand has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele-assessment allows for continuity of care, but its success depends on therapists’ acceptance. OBJECTIVE: This study examined OTs’ perceptions of the feasibility of conducting tele-assessment and developing a clinical practice guideline for remote prescription of assistive devices for older adults in Singapore. METHODS: Eligible OTs were recruited from purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via a virtual platform (Zoom). Audio …recordings were transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis using a line-by-line coding method was used to identify common trends. RESULTS: Interviews with 10 participants revealed three main themes: (1) therapists’ perceptions of the feasibility of tele-assessment, (2) criteria for safe and appropriate prescription of assistive devices via tele-assessment, and (3) practical considerations for the implementation of tele-assessment. Participants felt that tele-assessment increases efficiency with more older adults being more receptive towards technology. They also raised suggestions to address OTs’ concerns regarding the safety and accuracy prescription of assistive devices following tele-assessment. This included establishing the client’s suitability for assistive device prescription, characteristics of assistive devices, resources required, and considering the preferences of stakeholders involved. CONCLUSION: Tele-assessment for assistive device prescription by OTs appears feasible in Singapore. OTs should consider collaborating with other stakeholders to develop a tele-assessment clinical practice guideline for assistive device prescription. Further studies testing its clinical effectiveness during and/or post-pandemic are warranted. Show more
Keywords: Feasibility study, occupational therapy, telehealth, remote consultation, needs assessment, prescriptions, assistive devices, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230168
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2023
Authors: Unuvar, Bayram Sonmez | Gercek, Hasan | Tufekci, Osman | Torlak, Mustafa Savas | Erbas, Onur
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a common health issue, and such pains are often associated with muscle tightness. Understanding the link between lower back pain and tight lower extremity muscles is essential for effective pain management and enhanced quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower extremity muscle tightness and pain and disability in individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). METHODS: A total of 52 individuals with NSLBP were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Lower extremity muscle tightness was assessed using various clinical tests, …including the Active Knee Extension Test, Active Straight Leg Raise, Ober Test, and Modified Thomas Test. Pain intensity and disability were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the correlation between muscle tightness, pain, and disability. RESULTS: The study found weak to moderate negative correlations between lower extremity muscle tightness and both pain intensity and disability in individuals with NSLBP (r: –0.287 to –0.526, p < 0.05). Dominant and non-dominant extremities exhibited differences in muscle flexibility, with the dominant extremity showing greater flexibility (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with NSLBP, lower extremity muscle tightness is closely related to pain severity and disability. These findings suggest that lower extremity muscle tightness plays a significant role in the severity of low back pain and disabilities. Additionally, the observed flexibility difference between dominant and non-dominant extremities warrants further investigation for more personalized treatment approaches. Show more
Keywords: Chronic pain, disability evaluation, hamstring muscles, low back pain, lower extremity, muscle tightness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230547
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Platts, Katharine | Scott, Emma | Griffiths, Kerry | Carter, Anouska
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic minorities make up approximately 14% of the UK workforce. Despite the disproportionate burden of ill-health amongst ethnic minorities, and the increased interest in Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DE&I) in the workplace, workplace health and wellbeing interventions are still most often designed for the ethnic majority. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the depth and breadth of evidence on the attitudes to and perceptions of health and wellbeing interventions in the workplace within ethnic minority groups in the UK, and to identify gaps in evidence that would provide direction for future …research needs. METHODS: A scoping review with quality appraisal was undertaken, supplemented by a review of grey literature and a narrative review exploring related evidence from the knowledge bases related to community and cultural adaptation. RESULTS: Only three peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria, preventing broad conclusions. 14 papers from the community and cultural adaptation literature provided additional information about how health promotion may be approached effectively in the workplace, including the importance of culturally sensitive, people-centred design, and the use of established adaptation frameworks. CONCLUSION: The literature suggests a need for improvements in four key areas: (1) reporting of ethnic minorities in data relating to workplace health and wellbeing research, (2) more thorough review of perceptions and attitudes of ethnic minority workers in the UK, (3) design of culturally appropriate interventions that are tested for impact, and (4) testing of the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions. Show more
Keywords: Workplace, health promotion, ethnic and racial minorities, United Kingdom, occupational groups, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230576
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Furuta, Debora T. | Tebar, William R. | Beretta, Victor S. | Tebar, Fernanda Gil | de Carvalho, Augusto C. | Leoci, Isabella C. | Delfino, Leandro D. | Ferrari, Gerson | Silva, Claudiele C.M. | Christofaro, Diego G.D.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A high workload has been associated with musculoskeletal pain in public school teachers. However, the hypothesis of the present study was that physical activity (PA) practice is able to attenuate this association. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between high workload with musculoskeletal pain according to PA levels in public school teachers. METHODS: Teachers (n = 239) from 13 public schools were evaluated. Workload was assessed using a Likert scale in which teachers reported their perception of their work routine as: very low, low, regular, high, and very high. Musculoskeletal pain and PA were …assessed using questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of high workload with PA levels and musculoskeletal pain in different body regions, compared to participants with normal workload, adjusted by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: A high workload was associated with higher chances of reporting pain in the wrists and hands (OR = 3.55; 95% CI = 1.27–9.89), knee (OR = 3.09; 95CI% = 1.09–8.82), and feet and ankles (OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.03–9.76) in less active teachers. However, these associations were not observed in teachers considered more active. CONCLUSION: PA practice is able to act as a good protector against musculoskeletal pain in teachers, even in individuals with a high workload. Show more
Keywords: Workload, school teachers, musculoskeletal pain, physical inactivity, epidemiology, public health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230474
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Davenport, Todd E. | Lee, Alan C. | Raja, Bhavana | Stark, Matthew L. | Reed, Christopher | Magnusson, Dawn M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telehealth is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy, involving a whole host of clinical services. These services are often provided without structured training in telehealth, and no formal curricula currently exist for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of educational competencies (ECs) to guide instruction of telehealth-related skills in entry-level programs (i.e., Doctor of Physical Therapy), existing programs (i.e., residencies and fellowships), and potential future post-graduate programs specific to telehealth physical therapy. METHODS: Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants from diverse geographic locations and practice areas were invited to participate on …an expert panel. A modified Delphi process was then used to evaluate the acceptability of draft ECs gathered from the extant literature by a steering group. Draft ECs were presented to the expert panel on a questionnaire, which asked expert participants to rate each draft EC according to applicability and clarity. Draft ECs were accepted if they met a priori established criteria for acceptability and clarity. Unendorsed ECs were revised by the steering group according to open-ended comments from respondents and presented during a subsequent round. Three rounds of surveys were undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants formed the expert panel; 38 participants completed the Round 1 survey, 28 participants completed the Round 2 survey, and 24 participants completed the Round 3 survey. Delphi group members approved 48 ECs in the first round, 23 ECs in the second round, and 2 ECs in the third round. There were 4 ECs that remained unendorsed after the modified Delphi process. Endorsed ECs spanned 7 conceptual areas. Distinct sets of ECs characterized expected end points of first professional degree, existing residency and fellowship, and potential future telehealth physical therapy post-graduate program. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based ECs identified in this study may guide instruction in knowledge and skills relevant to physical therapy telehealth. Show more
Keywords: Mobile health, virtual medicine, ehealth, telecare, competency based education, education, delphi study, consensus development
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230618
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Wickens, Christine M. | Mann, Robert E. | Stoduto, Gina | Toccalino, Danielle | Colantonio, Angela | Chan, Vincy
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can profoundly impact overall health, employment, and family life. Incidence of mTBI in the workplace represents an important subgroup with poorer outcomes. Mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) challenges are a primary correlate of TBI, but are rarely assessed among individuals with a work-related (wr)-mTBI, particularly at a population-level. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between lifetime wr-mTBI and non-wr-mTBI and the experience of MH and SU challenges. METHODS: The 2019 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor is a cross-sectional telephone survey …of adults aged≥18 years in Ontario, Canada, employing a stratified (six regions) two-stage (telephone number, respondent) list-assisted random digit dialing probability selection procedure (N = 1792). Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, binary logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between lifetime wr-mTBI and non-wr-mTBI (relative to no TBI) and four outcomes: hazardous use of alcohol and of cannabis, psychological distress, and fair/poor mental health. RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, non-wr-mTBI demonstrated increased odds of hazardous alcohol (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.41, 3.19) and cannabis use (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.45), psychological distress (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.49), and fair/poor mental health (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.59). Lifetime wr-mTBI demonstrated increased odds of reporting psychological distress (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.93, 5.97) and fair/poor mental health (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.12, 4.19) only. CONCLUSIONS: Non-wr-mTBI was associated with both MH and SU, whereas wr-mTBI was associated with MH only. MH outcomes were more strongly associated with wr-mTBI than non-wr-mTBI. Physicians, employers, and insurers need to consider the potential association between wr-mTBI and MH, and provide care accordingly. Show more
Keywords: Brain injuries, traumatic, workplace, mental health, psychological distress, substance-related disorders, ethanol, cannabis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230418
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Tseli, Elena | Monnier, Andreas | LoMartire, Riccardo | Vixner, Linda | Äng, Björn | Bohman, Tony
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: When establishing Physical Employment Standards, validity is dependent on the correct identification and characterisation of critical job tasks. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a standardised protocol for the identification, characterisation, and documentation of critical physical job tasks in military occupational specialities in the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF), and propose a definition of critical physical job tasks for use in the SwAF. METHODS: A protocol was drafted with three content domains, including a preliminary definition. Protocol content validity was iteratively assessed in two consecutive stages where ten subject experts rated relevance and simplicity. …A consensus panel revised the protocol after each stage. Content validity index (CVI) was calculated as item-CVI (I-CVI) per each feature and as scale average (S-CVI/Ave) per content domain. Acceptable content validity thresholds were 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. RESULTS: The validated protocol consisted of 35 items with an I-CVI≥0.90 and≥0.80 for relevance and simplicity, respectively. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.97 for relevance and 0.98 for simplicity. The protocol was language reviewed, reorganised for easy use, and approved by the consensus panel. The final protocol includes: background and aim of the protocol, the accepted generic and critical physical job task definitions, protocol instructions, subject expert-qualifications, job task source and characteristics. CONCLUSION: A standardised protocol for identification and characterisation of critical job tasks in SwAF military occupational specialties was developed. The protocol content was rated relevant and simple by experts and will be of importance in future work establishing physical requirements in the SwAF. Show more
Keywords: Evaluation study, military personnel, physical employment standards, questionnaire, work performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230263
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Joseph, Dulla | Robert, Lockie | Robin, Orr | Ben, Schram | Elisa, Canetti
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Law enforcement (LE) applicant assessments and initial academy training vary greatly across the United States of America (USA), with 820+ academies operating across 50 different states. Rising obesity and declining physical fitness underscore the need for benchmarks of applicant physical performance. OBJECTIVE: Create a “point-in-time” descriptive profile of the performance of LE applicants and determine any differences between males, females, and age using two applicant test batteries (ATBs). METHODS: Archival data from one large USA LE academy were analysed. Applicants completed one of two ATBs; ATB1 (n = 1674): 68.8-meter agility run (AR), 60-s …push-ups, 60-s sit-ups, 60-s arm ergometer revolutions, and 2.4 km run; ATB2 (n = 355): AR, 60-s push-ups, 60-s sit-ups, and a multistage fitness test. Data were coded for sex and age. Independent samples t -tests compared the sexes. A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis compared age groups (18– 24, 25– 29, 30– 34, 35– 39, 40 + years). RESULTS: Males outperformed females in all fitness assessments across both ATBs (p ≤0.02). The 18– 24 age group demonstrated faster run times in the AR and 2.4 km for ATB1 compared to all groups. (p ≤0.03). In ATB2, the 18– 24 age group was faster in the AR compared to all other groups except the 25– 29 age group (p ≤0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of ATB used, females and older applicants generally would benefit from specific fitness training to better prepare for academy. Older applicants may experience greater challenges in running tasks, especially those involving sprinting, which could also be impacted by qualities important for running/sprinting (i.e., maximal strength and power). Show more
Keywords: Police, academy, initial training, muscular endurance, strength, tactical
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230333
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Carstairs, Greg L. | Michael, Scott W. | Groeller, Herbert | Drain, Jace R.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Militaries have historically utilised generic physical fitness tests to assess physical readiness, but there has been a recent shift to develop physical employment standards (PES) based on actual job demands. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to characterise the physical demands of critical tasks performed by Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) personnel to inform PES development. METHODS: Job task analysis were performed for 27 RAAF trades. Criterion tasks were identified through a systematic approach involving workshops and field-observations. The identified tasks were assessed for dominant physical capacity and grouped into movement-based …clusters. Psychophysiological measures were collected from personnel performing the tasks. RESULTS: Of 87 criterion tasks, 92% were characterised as manual handling dominant. Across these 87 tasks the principal physical capacities were: muscular strength (59%), muscular endurance (52%) and cardiorespiratory endurance (39%). The most common movement clusters were Lift to Platform (44%) and Lift and Carry (38%). Lift to Platform tasks required lifting to a median height of 1.32 m (1.20 –1.65 m) and a median mass of 25.0 kg (21.0 –28.9 kg) per person. Median carry mass was 25.0 kg (22.4 –36.1 kg) per person and distance was 26.0 m (17.5 –50.0 m). Median task mean ’Vdot;O2 , HR and RPE were 1.8 L.min - 1 (1.5–2.2 L.min - 1 ), 137 b.min - 1 (120–144) and 13 (12–14). CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of manual handling criterion tasks emphasises the importance of these activities and the underlying physical capacities for RAAF personnel. Current fitness assessments are unlikely to predict job task performance. Show more
Keywords: Physical employment standards, job task analysis, physical demands analysis, muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, lift, lift and carry, military
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230274
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Araújo, Patrícia da Silva | Nogueira, Wynne Pereira | Freire, Maria Eliane Moreira | Barroso, Barbara Iansã de Lima | Barreto, Anne Jaquelyne Roque | Silva, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmitted by biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors that increase the vulnerability of certain population groups such as civil construction workers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of workers in the construction industry about infection by HIV and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted, including 381 construction workers, in the cities of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, and Santa Rita, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, performed through interviews, using a data collection instrument with social demographic variables and the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. …Data were analyzed using descriptive measures, and for comparison between the categories the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with margin of error of 5% . RESULTS: A predominance of male workers was observed (97.4%) among 381 workers; aged 30-39 (34.1%); married (81.4%); with up to eight years of education (66.6%); family income of up to 2x the minimum wage (52.8%) and coming from the country (43.8%). The average of correct responses was 63.3%, with higher indices (70.0%) related to transmission and forms of prevention. There were higher percentages of hits among those who had studied for 12 years or more. Workers from the capital of Paraíba presented a higher number of correct responses (67.44%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a low index of knowledge of construction workers about HIV, highlighting their consequent vulnerability to acquiring this infection. Show more
Keywords: Operators, health education, sexual vulnerability, sexually transmitted diseases
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220636
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Gümüşsoy, Süreyya | Keskin, Gülseren | Öztürk, Ruşen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the physical, mental, and social well-being of humans worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental state of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 726 participants. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, fear of COVID-19 scale, and brief symptom inventory. RESULTS: The fear experienced by women during the social isolation and quarantine period was associated with depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety and …paranoid experiences. CONCLUSION: Women, young people, the elderly and single individuals were most likely affected psychologically during the pandemic. Thus, interventions and psychological evaluations are recommended at an early stage to minimize this effect. Such interventions must be implemented considering the strategic planning and coordination of risk groups. Show more
Keywords: Fear, coronavirus, psychology, female, employees
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230306
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Mokhtarinia, Hamidreza | Alimohammadi, Bahar | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen | Torabi-Gudarzi, Salman | Soltanzadeh, Ahmad | Nikbakht, Neda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is a multi-factorial disorder in most occupational setting and it has increased significantly in recent years. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical, cognitive, and environmental factors of ergonomics with the prevalence of WRMSDs in a car-parts manufacturing industry METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among 220 workers in a milling unit of a car parts manufacturing company in 2021-2022. The prevalence of WRMSDs was assessed using the Extended Version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Noise exposure was evaluated using dosimetry method. Mental and physical …workload were evaluated by the NASA-TLX and key index methods (KIM-MHO and KIM-LHC), respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: The subjects’ mean age and work experience were 36.3±6.5 and 8.35±6.41 years, respectively. Eighty-five percent of the subjects reported WRMSDs in at least one area of the body. The results of mental workload assessment revealed a high workload mean range (73.23±14.89) in all of the subjects. Mean score of KIM-LHC and KIM-MHO were 738.18±336.42 and 201.86±36.41, respectively with odds ratio of 1.32 for KIM-LHC in creating the WRMSDs. There was a significant relationship between the noise exposure, mental and physical workload and the prevalence of WRMSDs (p -value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that environmental, physical and cognitive factors can simultaneously be effective in the prevalence of WRMSDs. Therefore, performing effective control measures requires comprehensive attention to physical, environmental, and cognitive ergonomics in the algorithm of ergonomics management in the workplace. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, noise exposure, ergonomic risk factor, mental workload, physical workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230155
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Alam, Beenish Fatima | Abbasi, Nabeela | Han, Bing | Fahim, Faisal | Ali, Muhammad Iftikhar | Mehmood, Muhammad Awais
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted the teaching in most of the educational institutes worldwide. It has tested the readiness of educational institutes in their ability to deal with crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the perception of health sciences faculty toward online education during the period of pandemic in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional research determined the perception using online survey which had been taken from the study conducted by Almahasees et al. Questions related to faculty’s perception regarding IT skills, online classes taking more effort than on-campus learning, online platforms having adequate …tools to facilitate teaching. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Statistical tests comprised of descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Walli’s test. RESULTS: From a total of 318 participants, there were 234 females and 84 males. A statistically significant association was identified between field of specialization and competency to teach online (p = 0.022). Faculty stated that more efforts were required to teach online (p < 0.001). Most of the tutors reported virtual sessions helped improved the interaction with their students (p < 0.001). Most of the time faculty had to prompt students to complete their assignments on time (p < 0.001). Many of the faculty members disagreed that delivering virtual sessions from home was quite ineffective (p = 0.221) and reported experiencing distractions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that online learning proved less effective than face-to-face learning. The main drawback of distance learning was the lack of teacher-student interaction. Online learning promotes student-centered learning and could be applied in situations of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare faculty, online education, experience, pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230248
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Ruthuvalan, Varalakshmi | Raja, Sakthi | Jayaraj, Vanitha | Sridhar, Swathi | Kothandaraman, Muthulakshmi | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive fear, worry and behavioral disturbances define anxiety, with particular significance attributed to vagal nerve, a crucial transmitter of information to the brain regions governing anxiety. Highlighting the importance of vagal nerve, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) emerges as a tolerable and safe technique. The success of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in alleviating anxiety underscores the pivotal role of the vagal nerve. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in mitigating anxiety among retired teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the relevance of targeting the vagal nerve …for improved mental well-being. METHODS: 60 retired teachers diagnosed with anxiety were chosen through random allocation. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (Experimental group) received transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS), and Group B (Control group) underwent the Jacobson relaxation technique. Intervention period spanned 4 weeks, with four sessions per week, lasting 30 minutes. The outcome measures included Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and salivary cortisol levels. RESULTS: Following the 4-week intervention, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores and salivary cortisol levels (P < 0.001). Notably, Group A demonstrated a significantly higher effectiveness rate compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) is effective in reducing anxiety among retired teachers. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) proves to be a powerful and effective intervention in alleviating anxiety among retired teachers, emphasizing its potential significance in enhancing mental well-being. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, vagal nerve stimulation, COVID-19 Pandemic, transcutaneous, autonomic nervous system, salivary cortisol, Generalized AnxietyDisorder-7 (GAD-7)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230356
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Gülşah, Barğı | Suner-Keklik, Sinem
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity and inactivity-related health problems have deepened in many individuals, including office workers. It is not yet known whether there are exercise programs through telerehabilitation that will provide rapid relief in a short time in office workers who apply part or full-time teleworking system. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively investigate influences of short-term upper extremity exercise trainings (UEET) on pain, musculoskeletal discomforts (MSD), physical activity (PA), mood, and quality of life (QOL) in office workers during COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS: Thirty office workers were divided into exercise (EG) (UEET and walking advice) and control …(CG) (walking advice) groups. The UEET was applied for at least 20–40 minutes/day, 5–7 days/week for a one week between February 2022 and June 2022. Office workers’ pain, MSD, PA level, mood and QOL were measured. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of groups (EG: 37.8±7.04 years, CG: 41.6±7.97 years) were similar (p > 0.05). Following UEET, scores of office workers in EG on total step count, vigorous PA, moderate-intensity PA, walking, total PA, physical functioning, and body pain subscales of QOL significantly increased compared to scores of office workers in CG, while scores on neck, back and hip discomforts and anxiety and depression significantly decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-week UEET and walking advice can improve office workers’ daily step counts, MSD, PA levels, mood, and QOL. Office workers who have a busy work schedule may do these UEET and walking exercises in break times to relieve perception of discomfort. Show more
Keywords: Exercise, occupational groups, pain, quality of life, telerehabilitation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230190
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Salmani, Roghayeh | Rezakhani moghaddam, Hamed | Mousazadeh, Yalda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the changing environment and responding to the needs of the society, change in the traditional education system is inevitable. Also, the occurrence of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic showed that the existence of a virtual education system to prevent the cessation of education is the need of today’s society. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the students’ experiences of virtual education in Iranian universities of medical sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted on 28 students studying in Iranian universities of medical …sciences from October 2021 to January 2022 to investigate their experiences of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. An interpretive phenomenological approach and semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interview were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by Colizzi’s seven-step method. RESULTS: Students’ experiences of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic were categorized into three themes and seven sub-themes, including the strengths of virtual education (sub-themes: individual and educational dimensions), the weaknesses of virtual education (sub-themes: infrastructural, educational, tests and assignments fields), and suggestions to improve education virtual (sub-themes: infrastructural development and educational planning). CONCLUSION: According to the study results, the virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic led to students staying away from the crowded centers. However, some weaknesses were also mentioned by the participants. Therefore, by anticipating requirements and needs, planning and policy making, and seriously reviewing human, financial, and support resources, virtual education can be developed and used as a supplement to face-to-face education in the future. Show more
Keywords: Covid-19, qualitative study, phenomenology, student, virtual education
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230328
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Kloss, Emily B. | Niederberger, Brenda A. | Givens, Andrea C. | Beck, Meghan S. | Bernards, Jake R. | Bennett, Daniel W. | Kelly, Karen R.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During periods of high-volume vigorous exercise, United States Marine Corps recruits often experience musculoskeletal injuries. While the program of instruction (POI) for basic training is a defined training volume, the total workload of boot camp, including movements around the base, is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to quantify the daily total workload, energy expenditure, and sleep during basic recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) San Diego. METHODS: Eighty-four male recruits from MCRD San Diego wore wrist wearable physiological monitors to capture their complete workload (mileage from steps), energy expenditure, and sleep throughout …the 10-week boot camp. RESULTS: Marine recruits traveled an average of 11.5±3.4 miles per day (M±SD), expended 4105±823 kcal per day, and slept an average of 5 : 48±1 : 06 hours and minutes per night. While the POI designates a total of 46.3 miles of running and hiking, the actual daily average miles yielded approximately 657.6±107.2 miles over the 10-week boot camp. CONCLUSION: Recruit training requires high physical demand and time under tension due to the cumulative volume of movements around base in addition to the POI planned physical training. Show more
Keywords: Work, workload, military, inservice training, energy expenditure, sleep
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230554
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Aras, Fatih Mehmet | Gümüşsoy, Süreyya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers (PHEHW) assumed critical responsibilities in controlling and preventing the spread of the virus. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study aimed to explore the emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave among PHEHW during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was conducted with 401 emergency medical technicians and paramedics. The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Emotional Burnout Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Intention to Leave the Profession Scale were used to collect data. The findings were assessed with a significance level set at …p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The participants demonstrated moderate scores in emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession. The analysis revealed a negative correlation, indicating that as emotional burnout increased, job satisfaction decreased, and the intention to leave the profession heightened. Notably, the participants who had 6–9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, underwent COVID-19 testing, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 exhibited higher levels of burnout. Furthermore, those who had 6–9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and lost a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 reported lower levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, participants who had 6-9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 displayed a greater intention to leave the profession. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to implement improvement initiatives that will increase the motivation and job satisfaction of PHEHW. These include the regulation of working hours and shifts, augmenting staff numbers, enhancing working conditions, improving salaries, and implementing strategies aimed at fostering motivation and job satisfaction. Show more
Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers, emotional burnout, job satisfaction, intention to leave the profession
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230589
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: van Niekerk, Lana | Claassens, Nicheri | Fish, Jenna | Foiret, Chanel | Franckeiss, Jenna | Thesnaar, Lomarie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unemployment and restricted work opportunities for youth are enduring social challenges that affect health, well-being, and quality of life, especially in low- to middle-income countries. When considering the advantages associated with work as a determinant of health, unemployment is understood to contribute to occupational injustice. However, self-employment, hailed the solution to youth unemployment, is often necessity-driven, precarious in nature and restricted by the low success rate of business start-ups. OBJECTIVE: Research was undertaken to explore factors perceived to contribute to the success of start-up businesses in an informal settlement in the Western Cape of South …Africa. The importance of support in the success of business start-ups will be the focus of this article. METHODS: A collective case study, using narrative interviewing and - analysis, was undertaken in South Africa. Two narrative interviews were conducted with each of the five participants who were youth entrepreneurs and founders of start-up businesses. Data analysis comprised the use of narrative analysis and paradigmatic type narrative analysis. RESULTS: Three themes captured factors deemed to have contributed to the success of start-up businesses. The vital role of support systems and networks in business success was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Support systems included family, friends, role models, mentors, team members and business partners. Identification, utilization, and ongoing development of support structures available in the social networks of young entrepreneurs were perceived to have contributed to the success of start-ups. Show more
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, microenterprise, small business, work, youth, unemployment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230527
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Harris, Gregory E. | Watson, James R. | Li, Alan Tai-Wai | Ibáñez-Carrasco, Francisco | Muchenje, Marvelous | Demetrakopoulos, Ana Sophia | McGee, A. | Chambers, Lori | Ceranto, Andre | Cumby, Chris | Liddell, Michael
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a large number of people live with HIV, it is worthwhile to examine the integration of this group in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the operationalization of GIPA/MEPA supports workplace policies and practices for PLHIV. The study aims to explore what is being offered to support PLHIV in community-based agencies and what can be done to enhance the offerings. METHODS: For this community-based research, 2 bilingual online surveys were sent to 150 Canadian organizations that work closely with PLHIV or offer support to them. One of the surveys was for …Executive Directors of these organizations while the other was sent to peers; i.e. PLHIV whose job is to offer services to PLHIV. Questions in the surveys varied between open-ended, binary, and Likert. RESULTS: GIPA/MEPA are implemented in most organizations and Executive Directors affirmed that PLHIV and their impacts on the workplace are valued. There is a consensus among Executive Directors that formal support is provided but most respondents argued that this support is not specific for PLHIV. More than half of respondents were either unaware or uncertain about the existence of informal support. Peer-employees claimed that one of the challenges of disclosing HIV to receive peer support is that they may face stigma. CONCLUSION: The application of GIPA/MEPA results in positive outcomes in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need to facilitate access to informal support. Show more
Keywords: HIV, workplace support, peer support, labor force participation, mental health, community-based research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230289
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Garg, Mudit | Das, Gurumukh | Vuppuluri, Prem Prakash
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitatively analyzing the impact of UV radiation and noise during welding operations is essential to assess the exposure, identify potential hazards, and develop targeted safety protocols to ensure worker safety and adherence to safety regulations, especially in developing countries with inadequate adherence to safety standards and resources. OBJECTIVES: This study employs machine learning for predicting ultraviolet radiation and noise levels during welding, emphasizing worker safety. The focus is on the Indian foundry sector to gauge actual exposure vis-á-vis safety standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultraviolet radiation and noise emitted during the welding of …a ferrous alloy were collected from three foundries in Agra, India. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied for data analysis and prediction of UV radiation and noise levels, and a relative performance comparison was carried out on the compiled data against safety standards. RESULTS: Out of all the ML algorithms applied, the Support Vector Machine regression algorithm (RMSE = 356.93) obtained the best performance on UV radiation data, and the Random Forest algorithm (RMSE = 11.4) was found to give the best results for the noise level prediction task. CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first known application of machine learning techniques for predicting UV radiation and noise levels in arc welding processes. The results show the efficacy of algorithms such as SVM regression and Random Forest for the problem. Further, the datasets and ML algorithms implemented in the work will be made openly available to support further research endeavors in this and related areas. Show more
Keywords: Welding, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, occupational noise, safety, health, machine learning, industry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230465
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Erden, Dilek
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is extremely important for nursing students to be professionally motivated to train qualified future professional nurses. Students’ vocational motivation is affected by their experiences in clinical and academic learning environments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the vocational motivation levels of nursing students and their attitudes toward clinical practice. METHODS: 292 nursing students participated in the cross-sectional, descriptive study. The Student Information Form, Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Clinical Practices Scale, Motivation Sources and Problems Scale (MSPS) were used to gather the data. RESULTS: …The average score for students’ attitudes toward clinical practice was 107.08±18.13, while the total score for MSPS stood at 3.80±0.63. A positive correlation was identified between the attitude toward clinical practice and vocational motivation levels (r = 0.367; p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between the intrinsic motivation (r = 0.572; p < 0.001) and extrinsic motivation (r = 0.58; p < 0.001), and negative correlations were observed between the negative motivation (r = -0.324; p < 0.001) and the attitude toward clinical practice scale. There were positive correlations between belief and expectation (r = 0.492; p < 0.001) and positive approach (r = 0.532; p < 0.001) with the MSPS. In the multiple regression analysis, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, satisfaction with studying nursing, and participation in vocational courses were determined as effective predictors of attitudes towards clinical practice and explained 60.4% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that nursing students’ attitudes toward clinical practices affect vocational motivation. Clinical learning environments should be arranged in a way to increase the motivation level of students towards professional learning. Show more
Keywords: Attitude, clinical practice, clinical mentoring, nursing education, nursing students, vocational motivation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230492
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Lucas, Ruan Eduardo Carneiro | da Silva, Luiz Bueno | de Souza, Erivaldo Lopes | Leite, Wilza Karla dos Santos | da Silva, Jonhatan Magno Norte
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Educational environments can have environmental conditions that are incompatible with the needs of students, compromising their well-being and affecting their performance. OBJECTIVE: To identify the environmental variables that influence the performance of university students and measure this influence through an experiment in indoor environments. METHODS: The study applied an experimental methodology for three consecutive days in seven educational environments located in different regions of Brazil, measuring the environ-mental conditions, the students’ perception of the environment, and their cognitive performance. The impact of environmental variables and environmental perception on student performance was analyzed …using Generalized Linear Models and a Structural Equation Model. RESULTS: Students who took the test at air temperatures between 22.4°C and 24.7°C had a 74.20% chance of performing better than those outside this range. Air temperatures between 26.2°C and 29°C were associated with an 86% chance of taking less time to complete the test. High illuminance levels increased the chance of taking longer to answer the test by 41.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Three environmental variables (relative humidity, lighting and air temperature) and two perceptual dimensions (light and thermal perception) directly influence student performance. Show more
Keywords: Students, classroom, indoor environments, environmental variables, perception, performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220055
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Ichikura, Kanako | Fukase, Yuko | Asada, Fuminari | Hino, Ayako | Tanoue, Asuka | Murase, Hanako | Shimazu, Akihito | Tagaya, Hirokuni
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic could have led to a technological revolution however it has caused work productivity loss, especially among people working from home. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the frequency and related factors of work productivity loss, focusing on work-related factors, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of Japanese workers. Questionnaires were distributed using snowball sampling through e-mail and social networking sites. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 708 non-medical workers reported subjective work productivity loss during the first wave of …the pandemic, compared with before. A multiple regression analysis showed that living with preschool-age children, having poor mental health, not using video conferencing solutions, and increased e-mail communication were related to work productivity loss. A subgroup analysis of those working from home showed similar variables associated with work productivity loss. CONCLUSIONS: More than 70% of workers in Japan experienced work productivity loss during the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, factors such as time-consuming tasks or background distractions might lead to operational inefficacy. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, infections, efficiency, teleworking, mental health, family characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230415
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Shrimal, Pragya Jain | Maharana, Satyapriya | Dave, Anupama | Metri, Kashinath G. | Raghuram, Nagarathna | Shrimal, Shivendra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health Care Professionals (HCPs) working on the frontlines of health care emergencies/pandemics often experience elevated anxiety, stress and reduced quality of sleep. Yoga is a mind-body practice that has been proven to effective in improving physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated Yoga intervention on mental health measures and sleep quality among HCPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: It was a quasi-experimental study on 110 HCPs, including Doctors and nursing staff, with an age range of 20 to 65 years who were recruited through a convenience sampling …method and assigned to a Yoga group (n = 55) or a control group (n = 55).The Yoga group received a weekly one-hour Yoga session followed by a 30-minute self-practice three times a week at home for one month. The control group followed routine activity. Heart rate (HR), Blood Pressure, stress measures (Perceived Stress and visual analogue Scale for Stress), COVID-related anxiety, Sleep Quality, Quality of life and Preservative Thinking were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A significant decrease in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, and perseverative thinking was noticed in the Yoga group. Sleep quality and quality of life also improved significantly. The control group showed no significant change. At one month, the Yoga group showed significantly greater improvement in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, perseverative thinking, sleep quality and quality of life compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Yoga practice during the public health crisis would help reduce anxiety and stress and improve sleep among HCPs. Further, RCT studies are warranted. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, healthcare, sleep, mind-body medicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230061
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Bingöl, Ümran | Kutlu, Adalet
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to identify the hazards encountered by nurses before and after COVID-19, assess the potential risks and risk levels, take measures for the identified hazards and risks, and determine the effect of risk management on employee performance evaluation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hazard and risk management of nurses before and after COVID-19 on performance evaluation. METHODS: The study consisted of two stages. The first stage had a descriptive design, while the second stage had a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The second …stage of the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 377 nurses who agreed to participate in the study in the first stage and 201 nurses in the second stage. The study data was collected via Information Form, Hazard and Risk Identification Form, and Employee Performance Scale (EPS). In the second stage of the study, training was provided using instruction cards called “Means of Protection Against Hazards and Risks” for potential moderate- and high-level hazards and risks existing after the pre-test. The post-test stage was conducted two weeks after the training. Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses of descriptive statistics RESULTS: The mean EPS score was found to be pre training 3,85±0,60 after training \it was was found to be 3.92±0.55. Moreover, there was a weak negative correlation between pre- and post-training risk levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Hazard and risk management training had a positive effect on the performance of employees. Show more
Keywords: Nurse, hazard, risk management, COVID-19, employee performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230285
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Alsobhi, Mashael | Aldhabi, Rawan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hajj is a series of rituals that are done in specific areas and periods in Mecca. Performing Hajj requires a great amount of physical demand which may result in musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in different age groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of MSP and understand its pattern via exploring the factors that could be associated with muscular pain among pilgrims in the 2022 Hajj. METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed during the annual Hajj mass gathering. Pilgrims were recruited from Hajj ritual sites. The collected data included demographics, musculoskeletal …pain at ten anatomical body sites, and physical activity (PA) level. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at a 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: A total of 248 pilgrims participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 43.49±12.70 years. Of all pilgrims, 78.6% had reported MSP in at least one anatomical body site during performing Hajj. Results revealed that Pilgrims were more likely to have MSP in the lower limb while performing Hajj rituals where the most prevalent reported pain was in the legs (46% ), followed by the lower back (45% ), knees (37% ), and ankles/feet (30% ). Age, sex, and PA were not significantly associated with MSP except the BMI was found to be a significant factor related to MSP among pilgrims (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Many pilgrims exhibited pain in at least one body part. Although physical fitness recommendations are published in the Saudi Ministry of Health, MSP preventative measures need to be disseminated by organizations and interested parties worldwide. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal diseases, muscle stress, physical activity, mass gathering, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230483
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Kakaraparthi, Venkata Nagaraj | Vishwanathan, Karthik | Gadhavi, Bhavana | Abdulelah Alkhamis, Batool | Reddy, Ravi Shankar | Tedla, Jaya Shanker | Dixit, Snehil | Gular, Kumar | Gannamaneni, Vamsi Krishna | Ahmad, Irshad | Alshahrani, Oun Mohammad | Almushari, Muath Hassan Yahya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment tools for work rehabilitation are essential in healthcare settings. Adapting the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) to Arabic-speaking populations ensures effective evaluation and intervention for individuals with work-related disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To execute a cross-cultural adaptation of interview-administered version Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire –Arabic (WORQ-A) and assess the psychometric properties of WORQ-A in patients with musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: WORQ is mainly intended to assess the work functioning of persons who are involved in vocational rehabilitation. Psychometric properties were scrutinized in the outpatient rehabilitation center. Test–retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), …and internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. The usability of WORQ-A was established in 46 patients with musculoskeletal problems. RESULTS: WORQ-A exhibited exceptional internal consistency (0.93) and a great test–retest reliability (0.87). Regarding usability, the ability to understand the questions and answer choices was established as good. Five percent of the participants encountered minor difficulties with certain words, while the majority found it quite straightforward to choose the correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: The WORQ-A is an effective, consistent, and very easy to administer questionnaire to assess the work-related functions assumed in our study context and the individualities of the sample. Show more
Keywords: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validation, vocational rehabilitation, WORQ
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230241
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Lopes, Ester Rodrigues do Carmo | Macêdo, Flávia Pessoni Faleiros | Fifolato, Tha’ıs Marques | Nardim, Heloisa Correa Bueno | Suzuki, Karen Ayumi Kawano | Fonseca, Marisa de Cássia Registro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work related shoulder disorders adversely affect the quality of life and lead to increased costs related to decreased productivity and injury treatment. Therefore, understanding the relationship between strength, upper extremity function and work ability contributes to the development of interventions aimed to improve the well-being of healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: Correlate shoulder abduction and handgrip strength with upper extremity function and work ability in healthcare workers with shoulder complaints. METHODS: 67 workers with shoulder pain in the last year were assessed by Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Work Ability Index (WAI), …isokinetic shoulder strength and isometric handgrip strength dynamometers. Data were analysed with Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (ρ = 0.05), SPSS 20.0 ® . RESULTS: 52% males, mean age 48.4 years, 42% physically active, most administrative and general services workers. Low correlation between handgrip strength and QuickDASH (r =-0.359; p = 0.004); low correlation between handgrip strength and WAI (r = 0.359; p = 0.003) and between shoulder abduction strength and the QuickDASH (r = -0.267; p = 0.049); no significant correlation between shoulder abduction strength and WAI (r = 0.001; p = 0.997). CONCLUSIONS: Handgrip and shoulder abduction strength were inversely associated with upper extremity dysfunction. Shoulder abduction strength was associated with work ability. The inclusion of strength assessment in workers is important to guide strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, musculoskeletal disease, work, muscle strength, shoulder, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230373
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Ziyan, Hou | Jizu, Li
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of smart mine construction, coal mine safety management is imposing stringent requirements on the safety competence of miners. To meet these demands, coal mine enterprises have initiated proactive measures to recruit a new generation of knowledge-based miners who possess high qualifications and specialized backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of identity conflict (IC) and its influence on unsafe behavior (USB) among KBMs within the context of China’s smart mining initiatives, as well as to identify the role of potential mediating and moderating variables in this relationship. …METHODS: An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 304 KBMs with a college degree or above, selected from multiple coal mines in Shanxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap method were employed for data analysis. This model incorporated IC as the antecedent variable and meticulously investigated the mediating effects of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and psychosocial resources (PSR), along with the moderating effect of positive explanatory bias (PEB). RESULTS: The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between IC and USB among KBMs. RBSE and PSR were found to mediate the relationship between IC and USB. Moreover, this mediating effect further influenced the relationship between IC and USB through a chain mediating effect. Additionally, PEB strengthened the positive impact of KBMs’ RBSE on PSR. CONCLUSION: These results provide a broader perspective on the antecedent variables associated with KBMs’ USB and provide valuable insights and practical management strategies enhancing the safety management practices within coal mining enterprise. Show more
Keywords: Knowledge-based miners (KBMs), identity conflict (IC), unsafe behavior (USB), role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE), psychosocial resources (PSR), positive explanatory bias (PEB)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230685
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Quach, Ha-Linh | Do, Chi Lan Thi | Dang, Giap Xuan | Nguyen, Thang Manh | Le, Thang Cao | Nguyen, Ha Thu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2022, many universities transitioned from virtual learning back to in-person teaching. Significant changes in working conditions, along with COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic, might impact the well-being of lecturers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the perceived stress, self-rated physical and occupational health of Vietnamese lecturers in 2022 compared to the pre-pandemic levels, and to identify their associating factors. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in May–June 2022 through an online survey questionnaire. A sample of 425 university lecturers were included. Participants’ stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Participants were …asked to compare their current physical and occupational health with before the pandemic. Explanatory variables included (1) COVID-19 exposure; and (2) perceptions of changes in working environment due to the pandemic. Multivariable ordinal least squared regression analyses were used to estimate the coefficient and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between COVID-19 exposure variables, work conditions, and each outcome. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that over 60% of participants experienced moderate stress, while nearly half reported worsened physical and occupational health during the pandemic. Gender, age, perceptions of workload, workplace safety, COVID-19 infection, and incentive programs were significant factors associated with higher stress levels and worse self-rated health. CONCLUSION: To ensure occupational safety and support lecturers as they return to in-person classes, it is crucial to provide appropriate psychological and health support services. Show more
Keywords: Perceived stress, occupational health, physical health, self-rated health, university lecturers, COVID-19
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230265
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2023
Authors: Mirzaei, Emadeddin | Kouhnavard, Bahram | Daneshmandi, Hadi | Seif, Mozhgansadat | Zamanian, Zahra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important problems faced by ergonomists today. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of weather conditions, working conditions and mental workload on musculoskeletal disorders of rescuers and water and sewage company accidents in hot and cold seasons. METHODS: The present study was a longitudinal study that was performed on all employees of rescue and disaster teams of Shiraz Water and Sewerage Company in Iran (184 people) by census. Demographic and Nordic questionnaires, NASA Load Index (NASA-TLX), work environment assessment with temperature screening checklist …and workplace ergonomic risk factor (WERA) assessment method were performed by the researcher. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. RESULTS: The results showed that the highest and lowest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to knee and back in winter and thigh in summer with prevalence of 57.1, 55.4 and 6% . The comparison of exposure to heat stress factors in summer and winter seasons showed that the temperature factors and work clothes of the workers in both seasons are in worse conditions than other factors (P < 0968). The results of the mental workload of people in two seasons showed that the highest and lowest mental workload is related to physical changes in the winter season and frustration in the summer season, and this relationship was significant (P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression model, the potential risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries including age, height, BMI, level of education and work experience in both hot and cold seasons were compared. The results showed that in summer, work experience (OR = 1.16 (1.06–1.28.)) and height (OR = 1.03(0.98–1.08) had a direct effect on the prevalence of pain and discomfort arranged in the back areas. One year of increase in work experience significantly increases the chance of a disorder in the back by 16% and a one centimeter increase in height increases the chance of a disorder in the lumbar region by 3%, although this relationship is significant. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that suitable solutions such as using appropriate and up-to-date mechanical tools, reducing activity time, increasing rest time, increasing the number of personnel in order to reduce mental workload, using work clothes suitable for the season and type of work, and ergonomics training for workers are on the agenda of company officials. Water and sewage should be placed. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disease, risk assessment, posture, workplace, workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220372
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Zeverdegani, Sara Karimi | Mohebian, Zohreh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nail salon technicians are susceptible to potential exposure to a diverse array of hazardous chemicals in the form of dust or vapors. One of the main routes of exposure is dermal contact. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to health risk assessment of dermal exposure to heavy dust containing heavy metals in nail salon technicians. METHODS: Dust sampling was done on the work surface of 20 available nail salon technicians. The concentration of five metals including cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and manganese were determined using ICP-MS. Afterwards, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) …guideline was used to estimate the potential health risks, including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, associated with the analyzed metals. RESULTS: Results indicated the mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Mn were 0.7953±0.4373, 0.0952±0.0264, 0.7666±0.8629, 0.4900±0.5994 and 1.134±0.4736, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of all metals was within the permissible value, while hazard index (HI) was greater than 1. The probability of cancer risk (CR) resulting from dermal exposure to Ni, Cd and Cr exceeded the acceptable risk levels (10 - 6 –10–4 ), but CR calculated for Pb was less than allowable value. CONCLUSION: Implementation of engineering controls such as downdraft vented nail tables and portable source capture systems is necessary. Besides, the use of personal protective equipment such as disposable nitrile gloves, N95 respirator masks, and ensuring proper training on safe work practices is recommended. Show more
Keywords: Health risk assessment, dermal exposure, nail technicians, heavy metals, average daily dose, hazard quotient
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230336
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Milanović, Ivana | Stanojević, Nina | Fatić, Saška | Marisavljević, Maša | Punišić, Silvana | Janjić, Vladimir | Subotić, Miško | Maksimović, Slavica
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the Republic of Serbia, to our knowledge, there has been no research dedicated to the professional stress faced by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Since speech therapy belongs to the helping professions, SLPs might experience professional stress. OBJECTIVE: To examine the levels of professional stress in SLPs concerning sociodemographic characteristics and terms of the workplace. METHODS: The research was conducted online, using a questionnaire designed to determine professional stress in speech-language pathologists - Speech-Language Pathologist Stress Inventory. The voluntary sample consisted of 185 employed SLPs from the Republic of Serbia. The stress level was observed concerning …marital status, years of working experience, age, educational degree, caseload size, job sector, job setting, type of patients’ diagnosis, and type of service which SLPs provide. RESULTS: The results showed that SLPs experience mild to moderate levels of professional stress and that there is a statistically significant difference in the stress level concerning years of working experience, age, job sector, and job setting. Applying Generalized Linear Mixed Model revealed that two-way interaction (Years of working experience * Marital status) and three-way interaction (Age * Job Setting * Type of patients’ diagnosis) dominated on the model. CONCLUSION: Since it is noted that SLPs are experiencing mild to moderate levels of professional stress, it is important to emphasize the need for adaptation of existing work terms as well as to provide additional support to speech therapists in order to improve their mental health. Show more
Keywords: Job stress, professional burnout, developmental disorders, job satisfaction, workplace conditions, speech therapy, workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230036
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2024
Authors: Pokhrel, Sobhit | Hwang, Jaejin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information about the optimal setup of multiple screen configurations in virtual reality (VR) office work. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different screen configurations on neck flexion, rotation, neck muscle activity, and simulator sickness symptoms during Virtual Reality (VR) office work. METHODS: Twelve participants (7 males; 21 to 27 years old) performed copy-paste and drag-drop tasks in three different screen configurations (single screen, primary-secondary screen, and double screen) in a randomized order. Optical motion capture system, electromyography (EMG) device, and simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) …were used to measure the users’ responses. RESULTS: Neck rotation angles, muscle activities, and VR sickness were significantly affected by the screen configurations (p < 0.021). The primary-secondary screen showed the highest right rotation angle (median: -33.47°) and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle activities (median: 12.57% MVC). Both single (median: 22.42) and primary-secondary (median: 22.40) screen showed the highest value of SSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The screen configurations in VR could be an important design factor affecting the users’ physical demands of the neck and VR sickness symptoms. Asymmetric neck rotations caused by the primary-secondary screen conditions should be avoided. Show more
Keywords: Virtual reality, screen configuration, neck motion, neck muscle activity, office work, simulator sickness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230230
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Garrett, Levi R. | Harveson, Andrew T. | Ayars, Candace
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Firefighter health is of utmost importance both to first responders and the individuals they serve daily. The impact of shift schedule on firefighter health remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in health and performance outcomes in firefighters across two different shift schedules. METHODS: Firefighter (N = 1995) body composition, muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance were assessed and described. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare differences between shift schedules (48/96 and 4’s and 6’s). RESULTS: There was a statistically …significant difference in BMI (U = 70115, z =–1.988, p = .047), BF% (U = 67341, z =–2.779, p = .005), and trunk flexion score (U = 81362, z = 1.979, p = .048) favoring the 48/96 shift schedule. CONCLUSION: Firefighters following a 48/96 shift schedule exhibited improved body composition and fitness performance in comparison to peers who followed a 4’s and 6’s shift schedule. Findings may guide regional firefighter scheduling to optimize health and performance. Show more
Keywords: Keywords: Firefighter, health, physical fitness, cardiorespiratory disease, shift work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230388
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Osmanovic, Sabina | Pajic, Sofija | Petrovic, Ivana B. | Portoghese, Igor
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The academic environment is known for its high demands in research, teaching, and administration, that along with increasing publish or perish culture can lead to reduced psychological well-being and mental health issues. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between workaholism, work engagement, and burnout among academics in Montenegro. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to develop anonymous online survey. Data was collected from 131 participants employed as teaching and research staff at public and private universities. To measure the variables of interest we used: ultra-short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3), …the work-related burnout subscale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-7) and the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-10). Psychometric network analysis was employed to examine the relationships among variables. RESULTS: The findings revealed two distinct clusters: the first containing the dimensions of work engagement and the second containing burnout and the dimensions of workaholism. The two clusters were connected with the dimensions of dedication - burnout having the strongest edge (–0.25 and –0.40). In the cross-sample network the strongest connection was burnout –working excessively (.35). No significant differences in network density (0.80 (12/15 edges)) and global strength (p = 0.159) in the networks of public and private universities were found. CONCLUSION: Results of the network centrality and the edge strength analyses suggest that the interventions focused at increasing dedication while not fostering a work environment that encourages working excessively might be the key to preventing and reducing burnout in academia across contexts of public and private universities. Show more
Keywords: Workaholism, work engagement, burnout, academia, psychometric network analysis, Montenegro
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230347
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Soltanzadeh, Ahmad | Mahdinia, Mohsen | Nikbakht, Neda | Hosseinzadeh, Kiana | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The hazardous material release has frequently occurred worldwide. As a respiratory stimulant and a toxic substance, ammonia has numerous adverse effects on human health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human vulnerability and toxic effects of both chronic and acute respiratory exposure to ammonia. METHODS: This study was conducted in an ice factory. Ammonia reservoirs were selected as the danger center. The scenarios were evaluated from the perspective of the worst-case. The Emergency Response Planning Guidelines 1–3 was used to predict the dangerous concentrations in acute exposure. The probability of human …vulnerability was estimated using the Probit model. PHAST 7.2 software was used to model consequences. As a measure of chronic exposure to ammonia, NMAM 6016 was used. A respiratory symptom questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society was used for collecting respiratory symptom histories. RESULTS: The ERPG3 level or concentration of 750 ppm was found at a distance of 617.71 and 411.01 meters from tanks, respectively, as a result of a rupture in reservoir 1 over a period of two halves of the year. It was found that the highest probit values for tank 2 at distances of zero, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 meters were 9.55, 5.92, 5.47, 4.82, 4.23, 3.56 and 2.96, respectively. The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms, which include coughing, dyspnea, phlegm, and wheezing, was 28%, 19%, 15%, and 26% in the chronic exposure group. CONCLUSION: In the event that an ammonia reservoir ruptures catastrophically, it may cause human injury at ERPG-2 or ERPG-3 levels. Results revealed that exposure to this substance can impose many pulmonary symptoms on the respiratory system of workers in industries. In order to reduce the vulnerability of humans to potential release scenarios, control measures must be implemented. Also, preventive and mitigation measures can be designed to enhance safety and resilience against the release of hazardous materials. Show more
Keywords: Human vulnerability, consequence modeling, toxicity, respiratory symptoms, ammonia, ice factory
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230106
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Rajak, Binod | Reddy, K. Vidyullatha | Singh, Punam | Kumar, Vimal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is a pivotal aspect of organizational psychology. Although an individual’s attitude and behaviour at work have received greater investigation, scant attention has been given to family-related dynamics and their impact on work. OBJECTIVE: This study contributes to understanding work-family dynamics by investigating the connection between family incivility and job dissatisfaction during the pandemic. Based on the conservation of resources theory, the research explores the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support. METHODS: The investigation uses structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis while controlling for age, gender, and experience. Data has been collected with …an adapted scale and time-lag technique in which the first wave encompassed independent variables and demographics. The second wave gathered moderator and dependent variables through a non-probability sampling of IT employees. RESULTS: Findings reveal a significant positive link between family incivility and job dissatisfaction, implying higher family incivility is linked to increased job dissatisfaction. Moreover, the study indicates that organizational support can mitigate the negative impact of family incivility on job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: This research underscores the pivotal role of organizational support in enhancing employee job outcomes. Hence, organizations should prioritize employee well-being, recognizing it as an integral aspect of their functioning. Show more
Keywords: Family incivility, job dissatisfaction, perceived organisational support, moderation, and time-lag methods
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220690
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta | Jansson, Jan-Åke | Eklund, Mona
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unemployment is high not only among people with mental illness, but also among young adults in general. The combination of having a severe mental illness and being young entails a particularly problematic situation for young people with psychosis. This study aimed to understand how this group envision their future possibilities for entering the labour market or engaging in other productive activities. OBJECTIVE: To explore how young adults with psychosis perceive their possibilities, wishes and support needs for gaining employment or engaging in other productive activities. METHODS: A descriptive design with qualitative individual in-depth interviews was …used. Eighteen young adults with psychosis, aged 18–30 years, were interviewed. Data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories based on the experiences of the participants as being vital for having work or other productive activities were generated: “Wishing for a role in the community”, “Being my own coach”, “Needing personal support” and “Having a supportive workplace”. Each of them included sub-categories. CONCLUSION: The young adults with psychosis were a long way from having paid work, but they desired to have a worker role in the community. They are a heterogeneous group, which entails that it is important that professionals and employers have a person-centered and holistic approach, listening to the individuals themselves. Show more
Keywords: Activity, employment, interviews, mental health, occupations, qualitative research, work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230311
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
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