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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Muyskens, Sean M. | Morris, David R. | Yakey, Christopher J. | Goldstein, Robert C.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Induction tube welding systems utilize an internal magnetic flux controller (impeder) to improve process efficiency. Work has previously been done showing that soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials may be suitable to improve these systems. A test stand was devised for the physical simulation of SMC impeder performance for use in induction tube welding systems. Tests were run to determine the loading and cooling conditions in which an impeder core made of SMCs could survive. Additionally, 2D thermal simulations were run to determine the cooling system thresholds given a particular magnetic loading of the core. The goal of these tests was …to expand the design envelopes in which impeder cores made of SMCs could survive and validate their use in induction tube welding systems. Show more
Keywords: Induction tube welding, soft magnetic composites, induction heating
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230218
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Stamou, Georgia | Angelopoulos, Spyridon | Hristoforou, Evangelos
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper presents a portable device based on an Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) sensor for Steel Health Monitoring. The system operates by detecting magnetic anomalies in ferromagnetic materials caused by strain, corrosion, etc. This sensor can have various applications in the transportation, building, and aerospace fields for safety and maintenance monitoring of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, a low-cost device, that combines a high-sensitivity AMR sensor, a microcontroller, and supporting electronics has been designed and implemented. This sensor allows the contactless measurement of the magnetic flux density along three axes, when placed above the material under test, while the microcontroller and …the required electronics enable real-time analysis and monitoring of measurements. In order to house and protect the sensor under various circumstances, a 3D-printed enclosure has also been created. This device can be used along with rehabilitation techniques for treatment of defective areas of an under-test material. Its versatility allows it to be employed in a variety of testing conditions for both single-point and scanning mode monitoring. The device’s portability, ease of use and applicability to on-site measurements make it accessible to a wide range of users, requiring only a personal computer to display the measurements. Finally, measurements are presented to prove the device’s accuracy for steel health monitoring. Show more
Keywords: Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR), magnetic sensor, steel heath monitoring, microcontroller, magnetic anomaly detection
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230137
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Baskaran, Prashanth | Ramos, Helena Geirinhas | Ribeiro, Artur Lopes
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Probability of Detection (PoD) models, in general, take into consideration one or multiple flaw parameters such as its length, maximum depth, and/or maximum surface area, and one flaw signal. However, due to correlation between the response signals, it might be necessary to consider multiple flaw response signals simultaneously. Hence, in this work, we demonstrate the possibility of including multiple correlated flaw signals, features, towards the construction of a PoD curve. The flaw features considered are the 3 components of the magnetic flux density. This is a simulation based PoD estimation for a narrow opening notch type flaw located in the …sub-surface of a two-layer geometry. The inspection is carried out by an uniform eddy current probe that induces a spatially uniform fields into the conducting space, around the region of interest. The analysis was performed using the semi-analytical boundary element method (BEM). Show more
Keywords: Boundary element method (BEM), electric dipoles, magnetic-electric Green’s functions, Probability of Detection (PoD)
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230134
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Wang, Huimin | Guan, Peijun | Xu, Jiacheng | Guo, Liyan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Compared with double-winding bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor, single-winding bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (SBPMSM) has the advantages of low copper loss and low failure rate. However, if the slot-pole combination of SBPMSM is not reasonably selected, the winding coefficient will be reduced, and even many advantages of the single-winding structure will be offset. In this paper, a single-winding design method based on magnetomotive force (MMF) star diagram is proposed, which can ensure high winding coefficient. The design process of the proposed single winding structure is introduced. This method can match the appropriate number of stator slots according to the …number of rotor poles, and the winding phase separation design can be realized by reversing the slot number transposition. The mathematical models of the suspension force and torque of the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor are derived considering the magnetic field harmonics, and the 6-slot/2-pole SBPMSM and 18-slot/8-pole SBPMSM are taken as examples to analyze the magnetic field. The finite element simulation models of 6-slot/2-pole SBPMSM and 18-slot/8-pole SBPMSM are built and analyzed. Through the analysis of electromagnetic torque, suspension force and air-gap magnetic field under different magnetic fields, the general rules of main torque fluctuation and suspension force fluctuation are summarized. Show more
Keywords: Single-winding bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (SBPMSM), harmonic analysis, torque fluctuation, suspension force fluctuation, finite element simulation
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230045
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2024
Authors: Brandão, Ana Carolina Pereira Soares | Fonseca, Ana Beatriz Dantas | Soares, Iane de Araujo | Pacheco, Clara Johanna | Fernandes, Daniel Mendes | Eckstein, Carlos Bruno | Nogueira Junior, Laudemiro | Almeida, Luiz Henrique de | Pereira, Gabriela Ribeiro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: HP austenitic stainless steel undergoes microstructural aging due to prolonged exposure to oxidizing and corrosive atmospheres in steam reforming furnaces. The derived aging states are classified by its service temperature and microstructural markers and monitoring it is important to residual life assessment. In this regard it was used a portable Eddy Current inspection system with the aid of machine learning classification tools, characterizing aging states in HP steel in real-time. The classification profile of a 12-meter tube was acquired, validated through Field Metallurgical Replication. The developed Eddy Current inspection system successfully differentiates three regions, revealing a progression of aging states.
Keywords: Reforming furnace, HP steel, eddy currents, machine learning, SVM
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230139
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Zhang, Yuanyuan | Liu, Zhao | Luan, Zaimao | Cao, Xuefen | Meng, Fanhui | Song, Lin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Artificially triggered lightning experimental data from Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experimental Base on Lightning Discharge (GCOELD) was applied to analyze the propagation effect of lightning electromagnetic field along the real ground surface. The accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) on correcting lightning location system (LLS) errors was validated compared with the Elevation Model (EM). Results show that the wave-shape and time-delay of electromagnetic fields can be significantly affected when they propagate over the real ground surface. The time-delay of the field waveform become larger with an increasing roughness. The wavefront electric field is enhanced due to the reflection and variant of …the wave when lightning waves propagate across the high and sharp terrain. Near the lightning strokes, the peak of vertical electric value decreases significantly with the electrostatic shielding effect. The max time delay calculated by FDTD is 8.34 μs; while that by EM is 6.55 μs. In the selected nine lightning stroke points, eight are positively revised by EM, and five by FDTD. Both FDTD and EM can be used on LLS error revision caused by the real ground surface around GCOELD, although EM is more efficient than FDTD in this case. Show more
Keywords: Lightning location system errors, the Elevation Model, the finite-difference time-domain
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230070
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Campos, Lucas Braga | Camerini, Cesar Giron | Fernandes, Daniel Mendes | Silva, Vitor Manoel | Santos, Rafael W.F. | Pereira, Gabriela Ribeiro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: With the development of non-destructive inspection techniques, more and more challenging situations have arisen and the correct choice of operating parameters can be decisive for a good detection sensitivity. Based on that, an algorithm was developed to obtain the best combination of an eddy current sensor operation parameters. The results obtained demonstrate the improvement in the cracks detection in welded parts after optimization.
Keywords: Optimization, eddy currents, fatigue crack, weld
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230136
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Skarlatos, Anastasios | Reboud, Chritophe
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A new approach for the solution of transient eddy-current problems involving pieces with one direction of symmetry is presented. The approach is applicable to pieces with translational or rotational symmetry. A Fourier series decomposition of the solution is introduced in the direction of symmetry, which converts the original 3D numerical problem into a series of independent 2D problems. The decomposition has significant benefits in terms of computational time and numerical noise reduction, and is inherently parallelisable.
Keywords: Transient response, pulsed eddy-current, hybrid formulation, spectral method
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230131
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Lucia, Oscar | Sarnago, Hector | Guillen, Pablo | Burdío, Jose M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Induction heating is an efficient and high-performance heating method which already has a significant market penetration and economic impact due to its benefits inherent to contactless energy transfer systems such as quickness, cleanness, and safety. Efficiency is a key design parameter since it determines not only the appliance performance but also its environmental impact, with significant socio-political implications. However, it is not easy to determine and compare the actual power converter efficiency operating under highly variable conditions typical of IH. This paper proposes an averaged efficiency parameter elaborated based on technical and typical IH usage conditions that offers a useful …value to compare power converters operating under realistic operation conditions. The proposed parameter has been evaluated in some of the most significant power converter topologies used in reported state-of-the-art induction heating systems. Show more
Keywords: Induction heating, power electronics, efficiency
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230122
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Deng, Jie | Pei, Cuixiang | Zhang, Yuange | Qu, Yinqiang | Deng, Ke | Chen, Hong-En | Chen, Zhenmao
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: It is necessary to detect subsurface defects for a key metallic structural component especially a multilayer coating to ensure its structural integrity. In this paper, an imaging algorithm using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is developed for processing surface wave signals of array pickup electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to improve its signal-to-noise ratio and detectability of subsurface defects. In addition, an array pickup unit of surface wave EMAT with gap configuration is proposed to receive multi-channel surface wave signals and is optimized by adjusting its coil configuration such as number, spacing and detection distance in order to obtain better …SAFT imaging result. Both simulation and measured EMAT surface wave signals are used for the defect imaging and all the results verified the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method. Show more
Keywords: Updated SAFT, array pickup EMAT, surface wave, subsurface defects
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230148
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
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