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Long-term motor cortical map changes following unilateral lesion of the hand representation in the motor cortex in macaque monkeys showing functional recovery of hand functions

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Wyss, Alexander F. | Hamadjida, Adjia; | Savidan, Julie | Liu, Yu; | Bashir, Shahid; | Mir, Anis | Schwab, Martin E. | Rouiller, Eric M. | Belhaj-Saif, Abderaouf

Affiliations: Faculty of Sciences and Fribourg Centre for Cognition, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée, Fribourg, Switzerland | Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland | Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland | Université de Montréal, Département de Physiologie, Chemin de la Tour, Montréal QC, Canada | Univ. Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN, USA | Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Note: [] Equal first authorship.

Note: [] Equal first authorship.

Note: [] Equal first authorship.

Note: [] Corresponding author: Prof. Eric M. Rouiller, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 26 300 86 09; Fax: +41 26 300 96 75; E-mail: [email protected] Equal senior authorship.

Note: [] Equal senior authorship.

Keywords: Primates, intracortical microstimulation, somatotopy, neuroplasticity

DOI: 10.3233/RNN-130344

Journal: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 733-760, 2013

Published: 2013
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Abstract

Purpose: How are motor maps modified within and in the immediate vicinity of a damaged zone in the motor cortex of non-human primates? Methods: In eight adult macaque monkeys subjected to a restricted chemical lesion of the hand area in the primary motor cortex (M1), motor maps were established using intracortical micro-stimulation (ICMS) techniques. The monkeys were subdivided into five animals without treatment, whereas three monkeys received an anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment. Results: Following permanent M1 injury, the lesion territory became largely non micro-excitable several months post-lesion, in spite of some recovery of hand function. Few sites within the lesion territory remained excitable, though irrespective to the degree of functional recovery. Around the lesion in M1, there was no reallocation of proximal shoulder/arm territories into distal hand functions. However, ICMS delivered at supra-threshold intensities in these proximal territories elicited digit movements. Post-lesion ICMS thresholds to elicit movements of forelimb muscle territories increased, independently from the degree of functional recovery. Further behavioural evidence for an enhancement of functional recovery promoted by the anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment is provided. Conclusion: The degree of functional recovery is not related to a reorganization of motor maps within, and in the vicinity of, a M1 lesion.

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