Bounded energy allocation and scheduling for real-time Embedded Systems

Issue title: Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Doh, Yoonmee | Kim, Daeyoung | Lee, Yann-Hang | Krishna, C.M.

Affiliations: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-720, South Korea | Information and Communications University, Daejeon, 305-714, South Korea | Department of Computer Science Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5406, USA | Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Note: [] Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 42 869 1730 Fax: +82 42 869 1721; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: For energy-constrained real-time embedded systems, the power-delay tradeoff property of Volta ge-Clock Scaling (VCS) needs to be carefully considered in scheduling real-time tasks for meeting strict timing requirements. In addition, non-real-time tasks require minimized response times. Thus, a bounded energy allocation model should be adopted to solve a combination of optimization objectives in systems having mixed hard and soft real-time tasks. In this paper, we propose an energy sharing model that allocates the energy budget among hard and soft real-time tasks, exploiting the interplay between utilization and energy consumption in VCS-based earliest-deadline-first scheduling (VCS-EDF). Also a dynamic scheduling is presented which is designed to reduce energy consumption by switching between two scheduling policies and utilizing an explicit pattern of event occurrences at run-time. Through simulations, we show that this Dual-Policy Dynamic Scheduling can outperform in the reduction of energy consumption while introducing small delay in average response time of non-real-time tasks.

Keywords: bounded energy, energy allocation, energy saving, Voltage-Clock Scaling, VCS-EDF scheduling

Journal: Journal of Embedded Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 101-117, 2005